Introduction

This page relates to conflicts of interest (COIs) at the research stage, that is before a product comes on the market.  It focuses on preclinical research and clinical trials.  It looks at the interface between researchers, universities, public funding sources and private corporate sponsors; technology transfer is thus a central theme.  Special attention is paid here to the full and unbiased publication of results.  Several documents also pertain to research misconduct and research fraud.  

Forms of financial COIs contemplated here may include: executive positions in pharmaceutical, biotech and start-up firms, advisory board positions, consultancy positions, expert witness positions, patent rights, equity holdings or options in a biomedical firm, research grants, gifts of research materials, other non-medical gifts. 

Information about conflicts of interest once the drug is approved and placed on the market is found on the Promotion page. Conflicts of interest arising in connection with the request for a marketing authorization are reviewed on the Drug Approval page.

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United States

Statutes | Regulations | ORI | NIH | FDA | OIG | Self regulation

Statutes

• The Bayh–Dole Act of 1980, Patent and Trademark Law Amendments Act (Pub. L. 96-517), 35 U.S.C. §200-211
• Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (Pub.L. 96-480), 15 U.S.C. 3701
• Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
• Cooperative Research Act of 1984, (Pub. L. 98-620)
• Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 (Pub. L. 99-502)

Regulations

• 42 C.F.R. 93 (Public Health Service policies on research misconduct)

• 42 C.F.R. 50, subpart F
• 21 C.F.R. 54 (financial disclosure by investigators)
• 5 C.F.R. 5502 (supplemental financial disclosure)
• DHHS, Final Rule on Research Misconduct Regulation, 70 Federal Register 28370 (May 17, 2005), effective on June 16, 2005
• DHHS, Notice of proposed rulemaking (April 16, 2004), 69 Fed. Reg. 20778
• DHHS, Final Guidance Document, Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects: Guidance for Human Subject Protection (2004)
• Policy on research misconduct, 65 FR p.76260 (December 6, 2000)
• Proposed policy on research misconduct, 64 FR p.55722 (October 14, 1999)

ORI (Office of Research Integrity)

• Main page
• Intramural studies completed
• Lawrence J. Rhoades, New Institutional Research Misconduct Activity: 1992-2001 (2004)
• Lawrence J. Rhoades, ORI Closed Investigations into Misconduct Allegations Involving Research Supported by the Public Health Service: 1994-2003 (2004)
• Lawrence J. Rhoades, Survey of Research Integrity Measures Utilized in Biomedical Research Laboratories Final Report (2003)
• C. Mulqueen & D. Rodbard, Survey of Research Integrity Measures Utilized in Biomedical Research Laboratories, Literature Review (2000)
• Logicon/ROW Sciences, Organizing An Institutional Investigation Assistance Program: A Feasibility Study For The Office Of Research Integrity (2002)
• Jenny Douglas-Vidas et al., Analysis of Guidelines for the Conduct of Research Adopted by Medical Schools or their Components (2001)
• Scheetz, Promoting Integrity Through "Instructions to Authors" A Preliminary Analysis (2001)
• Anita Ousley, ORI Education Program: A Needs Assessment (2001)
• Lawrence J. Rhoades ,Analysis of Institutional Policies for Responding To Allegations of Scientific Misconduct (2000)
• Study of Affiliation Agreements Used by Institutions to Comply with the Requirements of their Misconduct Assurance (1999)
• Scientific Misconduct Investigations, 1993-1997 (1998)
• Alan R. Price,Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Whistleblowing to the U.S. Office of Research Integrity (1998)
• Study of Inquiry Reports Not Submitted to ORI (1998)
• Study of the Incidence of Misconduct Reported by Institution (1998)
• Survey of Accused but Exonerated Individuals in Research Misconduct Cases--Final Report (1996)
• Consequences of Whistleblowing for the Whistleblower in Misconduct in Science Cases--Final Report (1995)

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NIH (& DHHS)

• Observations from NIH's FY2006 Targeted Site Reviews on Finanical Conflict of Interest (February 15, 2007)
• DHHS, Fact sheet, Promoting integrity in research (January 13, 2006)
• DHHS, Requirements for Institutional Policies and Procedures on Research Misconduct Under the New PHS Policies on Research Misconduct, 42 CFR Part 93
• DHHS, Question and Answers on 42 CFR Part 93
• DHHS, Press release, HHS Provides Guidance on Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects (May 12, 2004)
• Final Guidance Document Financial Relationships and Interests in Research Involving Human Subjects: Guidance for Human Subject Protection
• Regulation: Supplemental Standards of Ethical Conduct and Financial Disclosure Requirements for Employees of the Department of Health and Human Services, (August 25, 2005) &    Summary of Regulation (August 25, 2005)   &  Questions and Answers for Employees (August 25, 2005)
• New Deadline Extension: Supplemental Financial Disclosure Requirements for Employees of the Department of Health and Human Services (Federal Register Notice) (June 28, 2005) &  Questions and Answers regarding Deadline Extensions (June 24, 2005)
• Regulation: Supplemental Standards of Ethical Conduct and Financial Disclosure Requirements for Employees of the Department of Health and Human Services (February 3, 2005)
• Summary of Regulation, (February 1, 2005)
• Questions and Answers regarding Regulation (February 1, 2005)
• NIH Guide Notice (12/06/2004) - Reminder of Financial Conflict of Interest Requirements for All NIH-Supported Institutions.
• NIH, Grants Poilcy Statement (295 pages) (December 1, 2003)
• NIH Guide Notice (02/10/2003) - Publication of "Financial Conflict Of Interest - Objectivity in Research: Institutional Policy Review"
• Conflict of Interest Workshop Summary (09/30/2002) - A workshop on conflict of interest was held on the NIH campus on September 30, 2002
• Conflict of Interest Information Resources (07/18/2002) - Listing of Conflict of Interest Information Resources Available on the Web.
• NIH Review of Financial Conflict of Interest Policies of Grantee Institutions (07/18/2002) - Information on NIH's review of Financial Conflict of Interest: Objectivity in Research policies provided by 300 institutions.
• Conflict of Interest Requirements for Grantees
• Financial Conflict of Interest: Objectivity in Research
• NIH Grants Policy Statement - Part II
• Information For Reviewers Of Grant Applications And R&D Contract Proposals
• NIH Pre-Review Certification Form
• NIH Post-Review Certification Form
• Frequently Asked Questions Concerning the Department of Health and Human Services Objectivity in Research Regulations and the National Science Foundation Investigator Financial Disclosure Policy
• Federal Policy on Research Misconduct
• NIH Data Sharing Policy

FDA

• Certification, financial intererests and arrangements of clinical investigators, Form 3454
• Disclosure: financial interests and arrangements of clinical investigators, Form 3455
• List of All clinical investigators who have been disqualified
• List of persons or firms who have been debarred
• List of clinical investigators under restrictions
• Notice, Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators, 71 FR p.7051 (February 10, 2006)
• Notice, Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators, 70 FR p.49928 (August 25, 2005)
• Guidance: Financial Disclosure by Clinical Investigators (March 2001)
• Speech of Dr. Henney,Human Subject Protection and Financial Conflicts of Interest , (August 15, 2000)
• Notice of draft guidance for industry, Financial disclosure by clinical investigators, 63 FR p.57640 (October 26, 1999)
• Final rule on financial disclosure, 63 FR p.72171 (December 31, 1998)
• Press release, FDA announces financial disclosure rules, (February 2, 1998)
• Release, FDA proposes financial disclosure for clinical investigators (September 23, 1994)

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OIG

• National Insitutes of Health: Conflicts of Interest in Extramural Research (OEI-03-06-00460) (January 2008)
• Clinical Trial Web Sites, A Promising Tool to Foster Informed Consent (May 2002)
• Recruiting Human Subjects Pressures in Industry-Sponsored Clinical Research (June 2000)
• The Globalization of Clinical Trials, A Growing Challenge in Protecting Human Subjects (September 2001)
• FDA Oversight of Clinical Investigators (June 2000)
• Institutional Review Boards: Their Role in Reviewing Approved Research (June 1998)

GAO

• University Research, Most Federal Agencies Need to Better Protect against Financial Conflicts of Interest (GAO-04-31) (November 2003)
• Biomedical research: HHS direction needed to address financial conflicts of interest, (GAO-02-89) (2001)
• Technology Transfer, Administration of the Bayh-Dole Act by Research Universities, (GAO 98 126) (May 1998)

Self-regulation

• PhRMA, Principles on Conduct of Clinical Trials and Communications of Clinical Trial Results, (July 2002)
• AMA, E-8.031 Conflicts of Interest: Biomedical Research
• AMA, E-8.0315 Managing Conflicts of Interest in the Conduct of Clinical Trials
• AAU (Association of American Universities), Task Force on Research Accountability, Report on Individual and Institutional Financial Conflict of Interest (October 2001)
• AAMC (Association of American Medical Colleges), Principles for Protecting Integrity In the Conduct and Reporting Of Clinical Trials (January 2006)
• AAMC (Association of American Medical Colleges), U.S. Medical School Policies on Individual Financial Conflicts of Interest: Results of an AAMC Survey, Report , Complete survey results, Survey questions (September 2004)
• AAMC, Protecting Subjects, Preserving Trust, Promoting Progress II: Principles and Recommendations for Oversight of an Institution's Financial Interests in Human Subjects Research (October 2002)
• AAMC, Task Force, Protecting Subjects, Preserving Trust, Promoting Progress - Policy and Guidelines for the Oversight of Individual Financial Interests in Human Subjects Research (December 2001)
• ACNP (American College of Neuropsychopharmacology), Code of Conduct for Supporting Corporations and Corporate Representatives (April 4, 2006)
• FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology),Shared Responsibility, Individual Integrity: Scientists Addressing Conflicts Of Interest In Biomedical Research (March 13, 2006)
• FASEB, Implementation Proposals on Recommendations by the Commission on Research Integrity, (Raub report) (1996)
• FASEB, Policy statements on research integrity

AUTM

• US Licensing Survey 2004
• Licensing Survey 2003
• Licnesing Survey 2002
• Conflict of interest Policy (December 2002)

Various

• Committee on science, engineering, and public policy, National Academy of Siences, On Being A Scientist: Responsible Conduct In Research (1995)
• Office of Technology Assessment (OTA), Commercial biotechnology: an international analysis (1984)
• National Science Board, Science and engineering indicators 2004, particularly chapter 5 and chapter 6

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European Union

European Science Foundation

• Final Report to ESF and ORI, First World Conference on Research Integrity, Fostering Responsible Research (Lisbon, Portugal, 16-19 September 2007)
• Policy Briefing, Open access: Restoring scientific communication to its rightful owners (April 2003)
• Policy Briefing, Agents for change (July 2002)
• Policy Briefing, Good scientific practice in research and scholarship (December 2000)

Various

• EU Legislation on Industrial policy: general, programmes, statistics and research
• The European Charter for Researchers & The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers (2005)

United Kingdom

MRC

• Medical Research Council (MRC), Good Research Practice (2000)
• MRC; Policy and Procedure for Inquiring into Allegations of Scientific Misconduct
• MRC on Open Access Publishing
• MRC, Register of declared interests for NTSG members (2005/2006)

Self-regulation

• COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), Guidelines on Good Publication Practice
• COPE, A code of conduct for editors of biomedical journals
• COPE, Flow charts
• ABPI (Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry), Guidelines on the structure for a formal agreement to conduct sponsored clnical research (1998)
• ABPI, Relationships between the Medical Profession and the Pharmaceutical Industry

France

• INSERM, Compte-rendu, Conflits d’intérêts en recherche biomédicale (2003)
• Lionel BENAICHE, La parole est à … l'Afssaps, Au cœur du dispositif de prévention des conflits d'intérêts, une "cellule de veille déontologique"
• Recommandations, Déontologie et bonnes pratiques en épidémiologie, p.28.

Germany

• Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Empfehlungen der Kommission "Selbstkontrolle in der Wissenschaft"  / Recommendations of the Commission on Professional Self Regulation in Science, Proposals for Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice (January 1998)

Italy + Spain

• The Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM) and IMAS, the Health and Experimental Sciences Department of the Universitat Pompeu Fabra and the Center of Genomic Regulation (CGR), Code of Good Scientific Practice (2002)

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Self-regulation

• Adam Jacobs & Elizabeth Wager, European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications (2005)
• COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics), Guidelines on Good Publication Practice COPE, A code of conduct for editors of biomedical journals
• COPE, Checklist

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Switzerland

Lois et règlements | Conseil fédéral | Parlement |OFS | SAMS | Universités | FNS | Publications

Lois et règlements

• Modification de la loi fédérale sur la recherche du 5 octobre 2007 (FF 2007 p.6571)
• Arrêté fédéral relatif aux crédits alloués en vertu de l’art. 16 de la loi sur la recherche pour les années 2008 à 2011 du 2 octobre 2007 (FF 2007 p.7057)
• Arrêté fédéral relatif aux crédits alloués pendant les années 2008 à 2011 aux institutions chargées d’encourager la recherche du 2 octobre 2007 (FF 2007 p.7053)
• Arrêté fédéral sur le financement des activités nationales et internationales de la Commission pour la technologie et l’innovation (CTI) pendant les années 2008 à 2011 du 20 septembre 2007 (FF 2007 p.7055)
• Arrêté fédéral relatif aux crédits d’engagement alloués pour les années 2008 à 2011 en vertu de la loi sur l’aide aux universités (12e période de subventionnement) du 19 septembre 2007 (FF 2007 p.7049)
• Loi fédérale du 7 octobre 1983 sur la recherche (LR) (RS 420)
• Ordonnance du 10 juin 1985 relative à la loi sur la recherche (Ordonnance sur la recherche) (RS 420.11)
• Ordonnance du 17 décembre 1982 sur l'octroi de subsides pour l'encouragement de la technologie et de l'innovation (RS 823.312)
• Loi fédérale du 15 décembre 2000 sur les médicaments et les dispositifs médicaux (LPTh) (RS 812.21), en particulier l'article 53
• Ordonnance du 17 octobre 2001 sur les essais cliniques de produits thérapeutiques (OClin) (RS 812.214.2)
• Loi fédérale sur les écoles polytechniques fédérales (Loi sur les EPF) du 4 octobre 1991 (RS 414.110), articles 2.1.e, 3a, 5.3, 18, 34c, 36.
• Genève, Loi du 7avril 2006 sur la santé (K 1 03), en particulier ses article 62 et 63
• Genève, Règlement du 22 août 2006 sur la recherche biomédicale avec des personnes (K 4 05.20)

Tribunaux

• ATF 125 III 185
• ATF 120 II 76
• Arrêt CEDH du 21 septembre 2006, affaire Monnat c/ Suisse
• JAAC 66.121 - Décision d'irrecevabilité de la CEDH, n° 53440/99, Hertel c / Suisse
• JAAC 62.119 - Arrêt de la Cour eur. DH du 25 août 1998, affaire Hertel c / Suisse

Conseil fédéral (et départements)

• Réponse du Conseil fédéral à l'interpellation Pfister (07.3340) sur l'accès aux travaux de recherche publique (12 septembre 2007)
• Rapport, Formation, recherche et innovation 2008–2011 Assurer la durabilité et améliorer la qualité, Stimuler la compétitivité et la croissance (2007)
• Message relatif à l’encouragement de la formation, de la recherche et de l’innovation pendant les années 2008 à 2011(24 janvier 2007) (07.012) (FF 2007 p.1149)
• Département fédéral de l'intérieur, Rapport explicatif concernant l'avant-projet de loi fédérale relative à la recherche sur l’être humain (février 2006), p.52
• Message relatif à l’encouragement de la formation, de la recherche et de la technologie pendant les années 2004 à 2007 (29 novembre 2002)
• Message concernant la révision partielle de la loi fédérale sur les écoles polytechniques fédérales (loi sur les EPF) du 27 février 2002 (02.022)
• Note de synthèse (98.070) - Encouragement de la formation, de la recherche et de la technologie pendant les années 2000 à 2003
• Rapport du Conseil fédéral en réponse au postulat 03.3100 déposé par Hildegard Fässler (20.03.2003) - Exploitons nos talents et nos brevets

Parlement

• Postulat de Hans Widmer (06.3068) - Conflicts d'intérêts dans la recherche, Harmonisation des directives - Avis du Conseil fédéral du 9 juin 2006
• Interpellation de Pia Hollenstein (06.3142) - Thérapie génique. Où en est la Suisse? - Réponse du Conseil fédéral du 24 mai 2006
• Question de Felix Gutzwiller (04.1105) - Obstacles aux études cliniques en Suisse - Réponse du Conseil fédéral du 3 décembre 2004
• Interpellation de Jean Henri Dunant (04.3231) - Swissmedic. Dépassement de compétences - Réponse du Conseil fédéral du 30 juin 2004
• Question ordinaire urgente de Franco Cavalli (03.1076) - Recherche universitaire contre le cancer dans toute la Suisse - Réponse du Conseil fédéral du 2 juillet 2003

OFS (Office fédéral de la statistique)

• La Suisse reste très compétitive dans le domaine de l'innovation (27 avril 2006)
• Le système suisse d’innovation en comparaison internationale, Une sélection d’indicateurs du tableau de bord européen de l’innovation 2005, Indicateurs «Science et Technologie» (2006)
• Grâce au secteur des entreprises privées, dépenses élevées de recherche et développement en Suisse (25 avril 2006)
• Finances des hautes écoles universitaires en 2005 (2006)
• Indicateurs «Science et Technologie», R-D suisse en 2004, Finances et personnel (2006)
• L’économie privée demeure très dynamique dans le domaine de la recherche et du développement (20 décembre 2005)
• R-D dans l'économie privée en Suisse en 2004, Indicateurs «Science et Technologie», Premiers résultats (décembre 2005)
• Hausse des contributions fédérales pour la R- D (25 août 2005)
• Le système suisse d'innovation en comparaison internationale (23 décembre 2004)
• La recherche et le développement dans l'économie privée en suisse 2004
• Science et technologie: la Suisse perd du terrain (9 janvier 2003)
• Indicateurs «Science et Technologie», Science et technologie en Suisse, Bilan de la dernière décennie, 1990-2000/2001 (2002)
• Enquête sur la recherche et le développement (R-D) dans l'économie privée en Suisse en 2000 (décembre 2001)
• La recherche et le développement dans l’économie privée en Suisse, 2000
• Premiers résultats sur la recherche et le développement dans l'économie privée en 1996 (février 1998)

SAMS

• L’intégrité scientifique dans le domaine de la recherche médicale et biomédicale et à la procédure à suivre en cas de fraude (2002)
• Collaboration corps médical – industrie (2005)
• Recherche expérimentale sur l’être humain (1997)
• Biobanques: Prélèvement, conservation et utilisation de matériel biologique humain pour la formation et la recherche (2006)
• Droit des patientes et patients à l'autodétermination (2005)

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CTI et autres agences

• CTI Transfert de savoir et de technologie (TT) (2005)
• Débat sur la loi sur les incubateurs (19 décembre 2003)

Genève

• Loi instituant une subvention globale de fonctionnement pour les incubateurs
• Débat sur la loi sur les incubateurs (19 décembre 2003)
• Rapport de la Commission de l'économie chargée d'étudier le projet de loi du Conseil d'Etat sur le soutien logistique à la création d'entreprises (PL 9063) (2 décembre 2003)
• Débat - préconsultation (PL 9063) (1 octobre 2003)
• Projet de loi instituant une subvention globale de fonctionnement pour des incubateurs (soutien logistique à la création d'entreprise) (PL 9067) (30 juillet 2003)

Universités

Université de Genève

• Rapport condensé "Etudiants 2006" (septembre 2007) - p.8 et 9 (sur le rôle de la recherche et ses buts)
• Projet de loi révisée sur l'Université (août 2007)
• Rapport de gestion 2006, p.26, p.42 (juillet 2007)
• Avis de l'Université relatif à la consultation sur le projet de loi sur l'Université (7 mai 2007)
• GTLU, Recommandations au Grand Conseil en vue d'une modification de la Loi sur l'Université, p.8 (24 avril 2007)
• Rapport au Conseil d'Etat de la Commission externe chargée de rédiger un avant-projet de loi sur l'Université (30 mars 2007), particulièrement p.30.  - Avant-projet de loi sur l'Université, particulièrement art.2, 5-7, 14-15, 20
• Bulletin du Conseil de l'Université - Budget 2007 (fonds tiers s'élèvent à 97 millions) (24 janvier 2007)
• Rapport de M. Thierry Béguin du 15 janvier 2007
• Charte d'éthique de l'Université de Genève (20 décembre 2006)
• Bureau du Sénat: audition par la CELU le 13.12.2006 - financement par des fonds tiers
• Réflexions sur l'autonomie de l'Université (31 août 2006)
• Rapport d'audit de PWC du 25 août 2006 et prise de position de l'Université de Genève
• Intégrité dans la recherche scientifique, Directives relatives à l’intégrité dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique et à la procédure à suivre en cas de manquement à l’intégrité (22 mai 2006)
• Remarques de la Commission d'éthique sur les directives relatives à l'intégrité dans la recherche scientifique(novembre 2005)
• Remarques de la Commission d’éthique (COMETH) sur les directives relatives à l’intégrité scientifique et réponses du Rectorat, (mai 2006)
• L'Université se dote d'une charte relative à l'intégrité dans la recherche (avril 2005)
• Directives en matière d'accords de transferts de technologies et de compétences(1er octobre 2005)
• Directives relatives à l’intégrité scientifique dans le domaine de la recherche et à la procédure à suivre en cas de manquement à l’intégrité (2005)
• Directives sur l’intégrité dans la recherche scientifique approuvées par le rectorat lors de sa séance du 12 avril 2005
• Rapport d’enquête dans l’affaire du Pr. Ragnar Rylander (6 septembre 2004)
• Secrétariat du Grand Conseil, Rapport de la Commission de l'enseignement supérieur chargée d'étudier le projet de loi du Conseil d'Etat modifiant la loi sur l'Université du 26 mai 1973 (PL 9558-A) (15 mars 2006)
• Secrétariat du Grand Conseil, Rapport de la commission de contrôle de gestion chargée d'étudier la pétition concernant la politique de transfert de technologie du Rectorat de l'Universit (P 1420-A) (6 octobre 2003)
• Principes généraux adoptés par les professionnels du transfert de technologies des hautes écoles suisses (universités et EPF) (février 2002)
• Conclusions et mesures du rectorat faisant suite à la dénonciation sur l’existence de liens entre l’industrie du tabac et l’Université de Genève (6 novembre 2001)
• UNITEC, Annonce d'invention
• UNITEC, Presently available technologies for licensing and/or future collaborations
• Directive sur les Activités accessoires des membres du corps enseignant
• Loi genevoise sur l'Université - C 1 30
• Internet: Fraude et déontologie selon les acteurs universitaires
• Création d’un professorat de recherche en endocrinologie de la reproduction (avril 2005)
• Financement d'un professorat par une entreprise privée: une grande première (mars 2005)
• Rapport de gestion 2005, particulièrement p.63
• Rapport de gestion 2004, particulièrement p.68
• Rapport de gestion 2002-2003, particulièrement p.48 et 83-84.

Procédures internes

• Dons, legs et subventions (P 20-39-01)
• Signatures et compétence d'engager l'Université (D 10-10-05)
• Overheads (P 10-70-15) - Calcul (F 10-70-05)
• Activités accessoires des membres du corps enseignant (DOC 20-10-04)
• Calcul des activités accessoires
• See also below the Rylander section

Financement externe

• 1,3 million pour la vaccinologie - L’UNIGE reçoit une donation de la Fondation Bill & Melinda Gates pour former les décideurs à la vaccinologie (17 décembre 2007)

HUG

• Page Transfert de technologies /Biotechnologie
• Collaborations des HUG avec des structures externes publiques ou privées (2007)
• Modalités de la collaboration avec l'Université de Genève en matière de valorisation de la recherche (2002)
• Communiqué de presse, Les HUG et Biosite® signent un accord de collaboration (23 août 2006)
• Dossier de presse, GenKyoTex (2006)
• Plan stratégique 2006-2010 (janvier 2006)
• Règlement des services médicaux (2004)

Université de Lausanne

• UNIL, Directive de la direction, Signature des contrats de recherche avec des tiers (actualisation du 23 avril 2007)
• Intégrité dans la recherche scientifique, Directive relative à l’intégrité scientifique dans le domaine de la recherche et à la procédure à suivre en cas de manquement à l’intégrité (2006)
• CHUV, Directive institutionnelle, Signature de contrats avec des tiers en matière de recherche (9 mars 2005)
• CHUV, Directive institutionnelle, Conflits d'intérêts, (7 mars 2005)
• Directives internes – Département de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie –  Directives relatives à l’intégrité scientifique et à la collecte des données (2004)
• Directives du Rectorat concernant la signature des contrats de recherche avec des tiers du 15 décembre 2003
• Dispositions d'application du Règlement du 26 juin 2000 sur les mandats particuliers du personnel de l'Université de Lausanne
• Recommandation pour la rédaction d'un protocole
• Directive de la Direction, Activités accessoires à l’Université de Lausanne  +  Commentaires
• Code de déontologie en matière d'emprunts, de citations et d'exploitation de sources diverses
•  

Université de Fribourg

• Loi fribourgeoise sur l'Université du 19 novembre 1997
• Aide-mémoire du rectorat
• Modèle de contrat de recherche sur mandat
• Modèle de contrat de collaboration de recherche
• Modèle de contrat d'accord de confidentialité
• Modèle de contrat de licence
• Modèle de contrat de sponsoring de recherche

EPFL

• EPFL, Trois chaires Merck Serono à l'EPFL, (5 novembre 2007)
• Projet sur le whistleblowing (règlement du domaine des EPF concernant les directives et les procédures quant aux déclarations de collaboratrices et de collaborateurs en ce qui concerne des comportements juridiquement et/ou éthiquement non corrects) et récapitulatif des prises de position (2006)
• Lettre ouvrant la consultation relative au projet de règlement Whistleblowing (16 mars 2006)
• Projet de règlement du domaine des EPF concernant les directives et les procédures quant aux déclarations de collaboratrices et de collaborateurs en ce qui concerne des comportements juridiquement et/ou éthiquement non corrects (2006)
• Projet de directives concernant l'exercice d'activité accessoire et la résolution des conflits d'intérêts
• Synthèse des résultats de la procédure de consultation sur le projet de directives "activité accessoire" - Lettre du 24 septembre 2002 lançant la consultation
• Directives du 17 octobre 2005 concernant la gestion des conflits d’intérêts dans le cadre d’activités ou de fonctions publiques exercées en dehors des rapports de travail
• Anciennes directives du 24 mars 2003 concernant la gestion des conflits d'intérêts dans le cadre d'activités ou fonctions publiques exercées en dehors des rapports de travail
• Article 56 de l'Ordonnance du Conseil des EPF sur le personnel du domaine des écoles polytechniques fédérales (OPers-EPF) (RS 172.220.113)

Université de Zürich

• Guidelines - University of Zurich
• Zurich, Merkblatt zur wirtschaftlichen verwertung von forschungsergebnissen an der universität Zürich (vom 22. Dezember 2000 und vom 30. März 2006)
• Zurich law on its cantonal university
• Personalverordnung der Universität Zürich
• Reglement über Drittmittel an der Universität Zürich
• Merkblatt Drittmittelverträge zu Klinischen Studien

Université de Bâle

• Office of Technology Transfer
• Rules relating to ancillary activities, agreements with third parties and the utilization of intellectual property in the course of university work
• Guidance for the “Rules relating to ancillary activities, agreements with third parties and the utilization of intellectual property in the course of university work”
• Guidelines of Technology Transfer at the University of Basel
• Regulations for the backing of University spin-offs by the University of Basel
• Invention disclosure form
• Simple Material Transfer Agreement - Detailed Material Transfer Agreement
• Confidential disclosure agreement
• Audit and evaluation (2005)

ETHZ

• ETH-Gesetz - Personalverordnung ETH-Bereich - Dozentenverordnung
• Forschungsvertragsrichtlinen - Research Contract Guidelines
• Verwertungsrichtlinien - Financial Exploitation Guidelines
• Erfindungsmeldung
• Material Transfer Agreement MTA

Autres Universités suisses

• CHUV, Directive institutionnelle sur les conflits d'intérêts et Règlement du Comité pour la gestion des conflits d'intérêts
• EPFL, Directives concernant la gestion des conflits d’intérêts dans le cadre d’activités ou de fonctions publiques exercées en dehors des rapports de travail (2005)
• Université de Fribourg, Directives du 30 septembre 2002 concernant les activités accessoires des professeur-e-s
• Fribourg, Article 15 de la loi sur l'Université   - Article 11 du Règlement du 15 février 2001 concernant les collaborateurs et collaboratrices scientifiques
• Unitectra web site  - 2005 report - 2004 report - 2003 report
• Unitectra - Invention Disclosure Form German - Invention Disclosure Form English - Software Disclosure Form - Kurzübersicht Geschäftsplan - Literaturliste Firmengründung - Sample Clinical Study Agreement USZ (Sponsored Study) - Sample Clinical Study Agreement Inselspital (Sponsored Study) - Sample Material Transfer Agreement
• Guidelines University of Berne

swiTT

• Principles of Technology Transfer at Swiss Universities
• CTI WTT -Technology Transfer Initiative of the Federation
• swiTT - Survey report on Swiss technology transfer activities for the year 2005

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FNS (Swiss National Science Foundation)

• Qu'entend-on par Open Access (26 juillet 2007)
• Directives sur le libre accès aux publications scientifiques issues des projets encouragés par le FNS (4 juillet 2007)
• Dossier Open Access sur le site du FNS
• Articles 33, 43, 44 du règlement relatif aux octrois de subsides
• Interview de Sheldon Krimsky,"Les falsifications dues au sponsoring sont une réalité", dans Horizons (Septembre 2006)
• Michael Stierwald, Valoriser le savoir grâce aux brevets, FNSinfo n° 9 p.13 (mars 2006)
• Erika Meili, Le transfert intervient par le biais de têtes bien faites, Horizons (mars 2006)
• Rosmarie Waldner, Nuisibles mensonges, Horizons (mars 2006)
• Mandat pour le groupe de travail "Gérer la malhonnêteté scientifique", FNSinfo n° 7 p.4 (juin 2005)
• Annalise Eggimann, Malhonnêtetés scientifiques, FNSinfo n° 5 p.5 (octobre 2004)
• Interview de Alex Matter, "L'industrie cherche ce qui sort de l'ordinaire", FNSinfo n°3 p.13 (octobre 2003)
• SNF Project Database - search for applicants and projects

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Publications in Switzerland

2007

• Swiss Biotech Report 2007
• Economiesuisse, Le Transfert de savoir et de technologie dans le processus d'innovation (octobre 2007)
• Economiesuisse, Commission pour la technologie et l'innovation: quo vadis? (avril 2007)

2006

• Spyros Arvanitis & Martin Wörter, Firms’ Strategies for Knowledge and Technology Transfer with Public Research Organisations and Their Impact on Firms’ Performance, KOF Working Paper n° 146 (October 2006)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., Knowledge and Technology Transfer between Universities and Private Enterprises in Switzerland An Analysis Based on Firm and Institute Data, Study on Behalf of the ETH-Board (March 2006)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., University-Industry Knowledge Interaction in Switzerland: What University Scientists Think about Co-operation with Private Enterprises, KOF Working Paper n° 132  (March 2006)
• Economiesuisse, La recherche et le développement dans l'économie privée en Suisse 2004 (mai 2006)
• Swiss Biotech Report 2006

2005

• Groupe de travail épidémiologie de la Société suisse de santé publique, Bonnes pratiques en épidémiologie: recommandations fondamentales (2005)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., University-Industry Knowledge and Technology Transfer in Switzerland: The University View (ETHZ) (September 2005) or KOF Working Paper n° 119 (September 2005)
• Patrick Vock et al., Technologietransferaktivitäten 2003, Umfrage bei Hochschulen und öffentlich finanzierten Forschungsorganisationen Kurzbericht (2005) - and Full Report (CEST 2005/4)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., Is There Any Impact of University-Industry Knowledge Transfer on the Performance of Private Enterprises? – An Empirical Analysis Based on Swiss Firm Data, KOF Working Paper n° 117 (December 2005)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., Determinants of Knowledge and Technology Transfer Activities Between Firms and Science Institutions in Switzerland: An Analysis Based on Firm Data, KOF Working Paper n° 116 (December 2005)
• Spyros Arvanitis et al., Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT) Activities Between Universities and Firms in Switzerland: The Main Facts, An Empirical Analysis Based on Firm-level Data, KOF Working Paper n° 115 (December 2005)
• Swiss Biotech Report 2005

2004

• Adrian Berwert et al., THISS – Technische Hochschulen und Innovationen: Start-ups und Spin-offs unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Aus- und Weiterbildung und Supportstrukturen (2004)
• Patrick Vock & Urte Hinrichs, Swiss Science and Innovation Policies, Recent developments 2002-2003, CEST (2004)

2003

• Benedetto Lepori, Understanding the dynamics of research policies: the case of Switzerland 2

2002

• Chapitre 6 du Programme en neuf points d’encouragement de la science et de la technologie en Suisse Document CSST 2/2002
• SECO, Le rapport sur la croissance, Déterminants de la croissance économique de la Suisse et jalons pour une politique économique axée sur la croissance
• Patrick Vock & Corinne Jola, Patent- und Lizenzaktivitäten 2001 Umfrage bei Hochschulen und anderen öffentlich unterstützten Forschungsorganisationen

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2001

• Alain Thierstein & Beate Wilhelm, Incubator, technology, and innovation centres in Switzerland: features and policy implications, 13 Entrepreneurship & Regional Development p.315 (October 2001)
• CEST, Centre de compétence scientométrie du CEST, La place scientifique suisse entre compétition et coopération 1994-1999 - Une contribution à l'«Etat de la recherche suisse» et à la «Topographie de la place scientifique suisse» (décembre 2001)

2000

• Patrick Vock, Draft, Initiatives which promote co-operation and networking: some examples from Switzerland

Pre-2000

Various

• Françoise Chardonnens, University Technology Transfer Practices in Switzerland
• Patrick Vock, University Technology transfer in Switzerland: Organisation, legal framework, policy and performance (CEST)
• Patrick Vock & Urte Hinrichs, Swiss Science and Innovation Policies, Recent developments 2002-2003 (CEST)

Swiss Websites

• Switt website - Swiss Association of Technology Transfer Professionals  - its Technology Opportunities search page

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International

UN Family (WHO, UNESCO)

• WHO, Disclosure of clinical trials
• UNESCO, Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge and Science Agenda - Framework for Action
• UNESCO, Report by the Director-General on the Evaluation of the Impact of the World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (Comest)
• WHO, Lignes Directrices Opérationnelles pour les Comités d’Ethique chargés de l’évaluation de la Recherche Biomédicale

ICH

• ICH, E& Guideline, Good clinical practice(articles 4.9.6., 5.9.)

Self-regulation

• World Medical Association, Declaration of Helsinki, Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (2004) (Articles 13, 16 and 27)
• IFPMA, EFPIA, PhRMA, JPMA, Joint position on the disclosure of clinical trial information via clinical trials registries and databases 
• The Standing Committee for Responsibility and Ethics in Science (SCRES), Standards for Ethics and Responsibility in Science - an Empirical Study
• The International Council for Science, The Standing Committee on Responsibility and Ethics in Science (SCRES), Kathinka Evers, Standards for Ethics and Responsibility in Science: An analysis and evaluation of their content, background and function (September 2001)

OECD

• Unofficial Report on Best Practices for Ensuring Scientific Integrity and Preventing Misconduct, Based on a Workshop held on 22-23 February, 2007, in Tokyo, (July 19, 2007)

• Economic survey of Switzerland 2006
• Economic survey of Switzerland 2005
• Benchmarking industry-science relationships, (2002)
• STI Review: Special Issue on "Public/Private Partnerships in Science and Technology" No. 23 Volume 1998 Issue 2
• Country response to policy questionnaire: Switzerland
• Steering and funding of research institutions - country report: UK (2003)
• Managing the relations between the public and the private sector (2002)
• Issues of organisation and management of knowledge transfer between universities and 10 industry in North America, Europe and Japan (2001)
• The New Spin on Spin-offs (2001)
• An Empirical Study of University-Industry Research Cooperation -The Case of Taiwan (2000)
• Technology incubators: nurturing small firms (1997)
• Intellectual property, technology transfer and genetic resources (1996)

Others

• Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) The Case for Institutional Repositories: A SPARC Position Paper
• 2nd Workshop on the Open Archives Initiative (OAI): Gaining independence with e-prints archives and OAI

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Policies of medical journals

ICJME | BMJ | NEJM | JAMA | Lancet | Nature | Science | Prescrire

ICJME

• Uniform requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals: Writing and Editing for Biomedical Publication(Updated February 2006
• Is This Clinical Trial Fully Registered?: A Statement from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (May 2005)
• Frequently Asked Questions about Clinical Trials Registration
• Update on Trials Registration: October 2004
• Sponsorship, Authorship, and Accountability (September 2001)
• A code of conduct for editors of biomedical journals

BMJ

• Declaration of competing interests
• Ethics committee
• Transparency policy
• Editorial policies
• Richard Smith, Making progress with competing interests, Editorial, 325 BMJ p.1375-1376 (14 December 2002)
• BMJ Ethics Committee: Minutes
  • 19 October 2004 
  • 7 October 2003 
  • 7 April 2003 
  • 21 January 2003 
  • 28 October 2002 
  • 17 July 2002 (including draft guidelines on consent to publication)
  • 24 April 2002
  • 26 June 2001
  • 20 Mar 2001
  • 19 December 2000
• Alison Tonks et al., The BMJ 's ethics committee is open for business, Editorial, 322 BMJ p.1263-1264 (26 May 2001)
• Alexander McCall Smith et al., An ethics committee for the BMJ , Editorial, 321 BMJ p.720 (23 September 2000)

NEJM

• Instructions for Submitting Your New Manuscript: Conflict of Interest
• How to Prepare Your Financial Disclosure Statement
• On Authors and Contributors (Jul 4, 2002)(policy on who may be listed as an author)
• Financial Associations of Authors (Jun 13, 2002) (conflict-of-interest policy)
• The Journal’s Policy on Cost-Effectiveness Analyses (Sep 8, 1994)
• Too Close to Call (Sep 13, 2001) (when editors submits a paper)
• Tracking the Peer-Review Process (Nov 16, 2000) (How the Journal does peer review)
• In Search of Perverse Polymorphisms (Jan 8, 1998) (Our policy on genetic association studies)
• Internet-Only Publication (Aug 2, 2001)
• A New Web Site and a New Policy (May 31, 2001)(policy on access to Web site)
• Prepublication Release of Journal Articles  (Dec 11, 1997)
• Sarah Ramsay, NEJM conflict-of- interest policy under scrutiny, News, 354 Lancet p.1536 (1999)

JAMA

• Information for Authors and Reviewers
• Instructions for authors
• Update on JAMA's conflict of interest policy (July 12, 2006)
• Incomplete financial disclosure [correction], 296 JAMA p. 170 (July 12, 2006)
• Incorrect statements on funding/support and role of the sponsors and incorrect and incomplete financial disclosures, 295 JAMA p.2482 (2006)
• Ridker, Incomplete financial disclosure for study of funding and outcomes in major cardiovascular trials, 295 JAMA p.2725-2726 (June 21, 2006)
• Lundberg GD, Flanagin A. New requirements for authors: signed statements of authorship responsibility and financial disclosure, 262 JAMA p.2003-2004 (1989)
• Janice Tanne, JAMA’s editor stresses authors’ need to disclose financial ties, 333 BMJ p. 370 (2006)
• Reply from the editors, 296 JAMA (2006)
• Letter to the editor of JAMA, Unreported Financial Disclosures in a Study of Migraine and Cardiovascular Disease, 296 JAMA (2006)

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Lancet

• Information for authors
• Astrid James et al., Lancet's policy on conflicts of interest—2004, 363 Lancet p.2-3 (2004)
• Astrid James & Richard Horton, The Lancet's policy on conflicts of interest, 361 Lancet p.8-9 (2003)

Nature

• Guide to publication policies of the Nature journals (January 2007)
• Policy on competing financial interests policy
• Competing financial interests declaration form
• Policy on authorship
• Editorial, Dealing with disclosure, 12 Nature Medicine p.979 (2006)
• Nothing to declare, 6 Nature Cell Biology p.467 (2004)
• Editorial, Financial disclosure for review authors, 6 Nature Neuroscience p.997 (2003)
• Philip Campbell, Declaration of financial interests, 412 Nature p. 751 (2001)
• Editorial, A new policy on financial disclosure, 4 Nature Neuroscience  p.961 (2001)
• Policy on duplicate publication
• Policy on Availability of data and materials
• Policy on Plagiarism and fabrication

Science

• Conflict-of-Interest Disclosure
• Statement on Real or Perceived Conflicts of Interest for Authors
• General Information for Authors

Annal of Internal Medicine

• Information for authors

JME

• Authorship policies
• Competing interests declaration

Prescrire

• Pas de conflit d'intérêts à la revue Prescrire
• Déclaration d'absence de conflits d'intérêts (2006)
• Statuts de l'Association Mieux Prescrire

Forum médical suisse

• Directives pour les auteurs

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Medical Journals

Classified first by date, and then by journal:

2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 | 1997 | 1996 | 1995 | pre-1995 | Various non-medical sources

2008

• BMJ, Louise Berendt et al., Effect of European Clinical Trials Directive on academic drug trials in Denmark: retrospective study of applications to the Danish Medicines Agency 1993-2006, 336 p.33-35 (2008)
• BMJ, Editorial, Paolo Bruzzi, Non-drug industry funded research, 336 p.1-2 (2008)

2007

• BMJ, Richard Epstein, Influence of pharmaceutical funding on the conclusions of meta-analyses, 335 p.1167 (2007)
• BMJ, V. Yank et al., Financial ties and concordance between results and conclusions in meta-analyses: retrospective cohort study, 335 p.1102 (2007)
• BMJ, News, J.H. Tanne, Financial ties common between US medical schools and drug companies, 335 p.793 (2007)
• BMJ, Xavier Bosch, Dealing with scientific misconduct 335 p.524 (2007)
• BMJ, News, Caroline White, Cancer expert attacks drug company's funding of research paper, 335 p.469 (2007)
• BMJ, News, Janice Hopkins Tanne, Former US surgeon general reveals extent of political pressure he was under, 335 p.114 (2007)
• BMJ, News, Clare Dyer, Doctor ordered to pay £300 000 in libel damages, 335 p.119 (2007)
• BMJ, News, Sally Hargreaves, Ghost authorship of industry funded drug trials is common, say researchers 334 p.223 (2007)
• BMJ, News, Owen Dyer, Publishers hire PR heavyweight to defend themselves against open access, 334 p.227 (2007)
• BMJ, Editorial, Fiona Godlee, Reputations for sale? 334 (2007)
• BMJ, Keith Dawes, Ghost writers need to be more visible, 334 p.208 (2007)
• JAMA, Eric G. Campbell et al., Institutional Academic-Industry Relationships, 298 p.1799 (2007)
• JAMA,  Darcy A. Reed et al., Association between funding and quality of published medical education research, 298 p.1002 (2007)
• JME, Amedeo Santosuosso et al., What constitutional protection for freedom of scientific research? 33 p.342 (2007)
• JME, Erica R. Pryor, Scientific misconduct from the perspective of research coordinators: a national survey, 33 p.365 (2007)
• JME, Jerome P. Kassirer, Assault on editorial independence: improprieties of the Canadian Medical Association, 33 p.63 (2007)
• Lancet, Editorial, When in doubt, disclose, 369 p. 344 (2007)
• NEJM, Michelle M. Mello et al., Compact versus Contract - Industry Sponsors' Obligations to Their Research Subjects, 356 p.2737 (2007)
• NEJM, Robert Steinbrook, Guidance for Guidelines, 356 p.331 (2007)
• Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, Thomas P. Stossel, Regulation of Financial Conflicts of Interest in Medical Practice and Medical Research, 50(1) p.54-71 (2007)
• PLOS, Jan P. Vandenbroucke et al., Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE): Explanation and Elaboration, 4 p.297 (2007)
• PLOS, Erik von Elm et al., The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies, 4 p.296 (2007)
• PLOS Medicine, Sergio Sismondo, Ghost Management: How Much of the Medical Literature Is Shaped Behind the Scenes by the Pharmaceutical Industry? 4, p.286 (2007)
• PLOS Medicine, Martijn B. Katan, Does Industry Sponsorship Undermine the Integrity of Nutrition Research? 4(1) e6 (2007)
• PLOS Medicine, Lenard I. Lesser et al., Relationship between Funding Source and Conclusion among Nutrition-Related Scientific Articles, 4(1) e5 (2007)
• PLOS Medicine, Elizabeth Wager, Authors, Ghosts, Damned Lies, and Statisticians, 4(1) p.34 (2007)
• PLOS Medicine, Peter C Gøtzsche et al., Ghost Authorship in Industry-Initiated Randomised Trials, 4(1) p.19
• PLOS, Lisa Bero et al., Factors Associated with Findings of Published Trials of Drug–Drug Comparisons: Why Some Statins Appear More Efficacious than Others, 4 p.e184 (2007)
• Archives of internal medicine, A. Nieto et al., Adverse effects of inhaled corticosteroids in funded and nonfunded studies, 167 p.2047 (2007)
• Richard Epstein, Conflicts of interest in health care: Who guards the guardian? 46 Perspectives in biology p.24 (2007)
• Nikhil Bhargava et al., Funding source and conflict of interest disclosures by authors and editors in gastroenterology specialty journals, 102 American Journal of Gastroenterology p.1146 (2007)
• Jim Newcombe & I. Kerridge, Assessment by human research ethics committees of potential conflicts of interest arising from pharmaceutical sponsorship of clinical research, 37 Internal Medicine Journal p.12 (2007)

2006

• Academic Medicine, Kevin Weinfurt et al., Policies of Academic Medical Centers for Disclosing Financial Conflicts of Interest to Potential Research Participants, 81(2) p.113-118 (2006)
• Academic Medicine, Christine Vogeli et al., Data withholding and the next generation of scientists: Results of a National Survey, 81 p.128-136 (2006)
• Annals, Harold C. Sox& Drummond Rennie, Research Misconduct, Retraction, and Cleansing the Medical Literature: Lessons from the Poehlman Case, 144 p.609 (2006)
• Center for Science in the Public Interest, Ensuring Independence and Objectivity at The National Academies (2006)
• BMJ, Anders W Jørgensen et al., Cochrane reviews compared with industry supported meta-analyses and other meta-analyses of the same drugs: systematic review, 333 p.782 (2006)  - Comments - Authors' reply
• BMJ, Jeanne Lenzer, Researcher received undisclosed payments of $300 000 from Pfizer, 333 p.1237 (2006)
• BMJ, Roger Dobson, Professor Doll failed to declare interests when working on vinyl chloride, News, 333 p.1142 (2006)
• BMJ, Lynn Eaton, Guide tells editors how to root out plagiarism and fraud, News, 333 p.1088 (2006)
• BMJ, A. Nikolaos, Origin and funding of the most frequently cited papers in medicine: database analysis 332 p.1061 (2006)
• BMJ, Joel Lexchin & Donald W Light. Commercial influence and the content of medical journals, 332 p.1444-1447 (2006)
• BMJ, Susan Mayor, Surgery journal bans authors who hide conflicts of interest, 332 p.135 (2006)
• JAMA, Daniel K. Benjamin et al., Peer-reviewed publication of clinical trials completed for pediatric exclusivity, 296 p.1266 (2006)
• JAMA, Woolley et al., Declaration of medical writing assistance in international peer-reviewed publications, 296 p.932-934 (2006)
• JAMA, Peter Gotzsche et al., Constraints on Publication Rights in Industry-Initiated Clinical Trials, 295 p.1645-1646 (2006)
• JAMA, Catherine DeAngelis, The Influence of Money on Medical Science, 296 p.996-998 (2006)
• JAMA, Troyen A. Brennan et al., Health Industry Practices That Create Conflicts of Interest, A Policy Proposal for Academic Medical Centers, 295 p.429-433 (2006)
• JAMA, Peter C. Gøtzsche et al., Constraints on Publication Rights in Industry-Initiated Clinical Trials, 295(14) p.1645 (2006)
• JAMA, Karen L. Woolley et al., Declaration of Medical Writing Assistance in International Peer-Reviewed Publications, 296(8) p.932 (2006)
• Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, Christine Grady et al., The Limits of Disclosure: What Research Subjects Want to Know about Investigator Financial Interests, 34 p.592
• JME, S Mayer, Declaration of patent applications as financial interests: a survey of practice among authors of papers on molecular biology in Nature, 32 p.658-661 (2006)
• MJA, Ana Marusic & Matko Marusic, Killing the messenger: should scientific journals be responsible for policing scientific fraud? 184 p.596 (2006)
• MJA, Sara B Nath et al., Retractions in the research literature: misconduct or mistakes? 185 p.152 (2006)
• Nature, Meredith Wadman, Journal reveals plans to fight fraud, 444 p.658-659 (2006)
• Nature, Emma Marris, Special Report, Should journals police scientific fraud? 439 p. 520-521 (2006)
• Nature, Emma Marris, Doctor admits Lancet study is fiction, 439 p.248-249 (2006)
• Nature, Editorial, Ethics and fraud, 439 p.117-118 (2006)
• Nature Biotechnology, Mark Edwards et al., Gold in the ivory tower: equity rewards of outlicensing, 24 p.509-515 (2006)
• Nature Medicine, Editorial, Truth in numbers, 12(1) p.1 (2006)
• NEJM, Elizabeth G. Nabel, Conflict of Interest -  or Conflict of Priorities? 355(22) p.2365 (2006)
• NEJM, Lindsay A. Hampson et al., Patients' Views on Financial Conflicts of Interest in Cancer Research Trials, 355 p.2330-2337 (2006)
• NEJM, Hampson et al., Patients' Views on Financial Conflicts of Interest in Cancer Research Trials, 355 p. 2330-2337 (2006)
• NEJM, Eric G. Campbell et al., Financial Relationships between Institutional Review Board Members and Industry, 355 p.2321-2329 (2006)
• Pain, Jodie Barden et al., Bias from industry trial funding? A framework, a suggested approach, and a negative result, 121 p.207-218 (2006)
• PLOS Biology, Mohamed A. F. Noor et al., Data Sharing: How Much Doesn’t Get Submitted to GenBank? 4(7) p.228 (2006)
• PLOS, David Korn & Susan Ehringhaus, Principles for Strengthening the Integrity of Clinical Research (May 2006)
• PLOS, Elizabeth Wager, Publishing Clinical Trial Results: The Future Beckons (2006)
• Science Magazine, Jennifer Couzin, Truth and Consequences, 313 p.1222 (2006)
• Adam Jacobs & Elizabeth Wager, European Medical Writers Association (EMWA) guidelines on the role of medical writers in developing peer-reviewed publications, 21(2) Current Medical Research and Opinions p.317-321 (2005)
• Christine Grady et al., The Limits of Disclosure: What Research Subjects Want to Know about Investigator Financial Interests, The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 34 (3) p.592–599 (2006)
• Lisa Cosgrove et al., Financial Ties between DSM-IV Panel Membmers and the Pharmaceutical Industry, 75 Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics p.154 (2006)
• Robert Streiffer, Academic Freedom and Academic-Industry Relationships in Biotechnology, 16(2) Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal p.129-149 (2006)
• Ross Upshur et al., Can academic and clinical journals be in financial conflict of interest situations? The case of evidence-based incorporated, 12 Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice p.405 (2006)
• Elizabeth A Boyd & Lisa A Bero, Improving the use of research evidence in guideline development: 4. Managing conflicts of interests, 4 Health Research Policy and Systems  p.16 (2006)

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2005

• Annals, Christine Laine & Cynthia Mulrow (editorial), Exorcising Ghosts and Unwelcome Guests, 143:611-612 (2005)
• Archives, David Henry et al., Ties That Bind: Multiple Relationships Between Clinical Researchers and the Pharmaceutical Industry. 165 p.2493 (2005)
• BMJ, An-Wen Chan & Douglas G Altman, Identifying outcome reporting bias in randomised trials on PubMed: review of publications and survey of authors, BMJ (2005)
• BMJ, Evelyne Decullier et al., Fate of biomedical research protocols and publication bias in France: retrospective cohort study, 331 p.19 (2005)
• BMJ, Douglas Altman for the CONSORT Group, Endorsement of the CONSORT statement by high impact medical journals: survey of instructions for authors, 330;1056-1057 (2005)
• Contemporary Clinical Trials, William Gardner et al., Authors' reports about research integrity problems in clinical trials, 26 p.244-252 (2005)
• Hastings Center Report, McHenry, On the Origin of Great Ideas: Science in the Age of Big Pharma (2005)
• Hastings Center Report, Elizabeth Heitman, Do Researchers Learn to Overlook Misbehavior? (2005)
• Hastings Center Report, Bette-Jane Crigger, The Curious Saga of Congress, the NIH, and Conflict of Interest (2005)
• Hastings Center Report, Resnik, Conflicts of Interest at the NIH: No Easy Solution p.18 (2005)
• JAMA, Hamilton Moses III et al., Financial Anatomy of Biomedical Research, 294 (11) p. 1333 (2005)
• JAMA, Tracy Hampton, Biomedical Journals Probe Peer Review, 294 p.2287 (2005)
• JME, B Pignatelli et al., Authorship ignorance: views of researchers in French clinical settings, 31 p.578 (2005)
• JME, Edwin Wagena & P. Knipschild, Do drug firms hoodwink medical journals? Or is something wrong with the contribution and integrity of declared authors? 31 p.307 (2005)
• Lancet, Carl Elliott, Should journals publish industry-funded bioethics articles? 366 p.422 (2005)
• Nature, Meredith Wadman, One in three scientists confesses to having sinned, 435 p.718-719 (2005)
• Nature, Brian C. Martinson et al., Scientists behaving badly, 435 p.737-738 (2005)
• Nature Biotechnology, Victor Rodriguez, Material transfer agreements: open science vs. proprietary claims, 23 p.489 (2005)
• NEJM, Thomas Stossel, Regulating Academic-Industrial Research Relationships -- Solving Problems or Stifling Progress?. 353 p.1060-1065 (2005)
• NEJM, Robert Steinbrook, Gag Clauses in Clinical-Trial Agreements. 352 p.2160-2162 (2005)
• NEJM, Michelle M. Mello, et al., Academic Medical Centers' Standards for Clinical-Trial Agreements with Industry. 352 p.2202-2210 (2005)
• Clifford Perlis et al., Extent and impact of industry sponsorship conflicts of interest in dermatology research, J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 52(6) p.967 (2005)
• Evan G. DeRenzo, Conflict-of-Interest Policy at the National Institutes of Health: The Pendulum Swings Wildly, 15(2) Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal p.199-210 (2005)
• Michael Camilleri et al., Principles and Process in the Development of the Mayo Clinic’s Individual and Institutional Conflict of Interest Policy, 80 Mayo Clin Proc.p.1340-1346 (2000)
• Adriane Fugh-Berman, The Corporate Coauthor, 20 JGIM p.546 (2005)
• Trudo Lemmens, Confronting the conflict of interest crisis in medical research, 23(4) Monash Bioethics Review p.19 (2004)

2004

• Annals, John Ioannidis et al., Better Reporting of Harms in Randomized Trials: An Extension of the CONSORT Statement, 141 p.781 (2004)
• BMJ, News, Clare Dyer, Judge may report drug company executive to attorney general, 328 p.243 (2004)
• CMAJ, Haivas I, Schroter S, Waechter F, Smith R. Editors' declaration of their own conflict of interest. 171 CMAJ p.475 (2004)
• CMAJ, Bhandari et al., Association between industry funding and statistically significant pro-industry findings in medical and surgical randomized trials, 170 p.477-480 (2004)
• Controlled Clinical Trials, John H. Montgomery et al., An analysis of the effect of funding source in randomized clinical trials of second generation antipsychotics for the treatment of schizophrenia, 25(6) p. 598-612 (2004)
• JAMA, Bates et al. Authorship Criteria and Disclosure of Contributions: Comparison of 3 General Medical Journals With Different Author Contribution Forms, 292 p.86-88 (2004)
• JAMA, Catherine D. DeAngelis, Duplicate Publication, Multiple Problems, 292(14) p.1745 (2004)
• JME, Scott Y. Kim et al., Potential research participants’ views regarding researcher and institutional financial conflicts of interest, 30 JME 73-79 (2004)
• JME, DuVal, Institutional ethics review of clinical study agreements, 30 p.30-34 (2004)
• Lancet, Is GSK guilty of fraud? 363 The Lancet p.1919 (June 12, 2004)
• Lancet, Adam Jacobs, Time for the ghosts to take on physical form, 364 (9433) p.48-488 (2004)
• Thomas E. Finucane & Chad E. Boult, Association of funding and Findings of Pharmaceutical Research at a Meeting of a Medical Professional Society, Am. J. Med. 117 p.842 (2004)
• Lee S. Friedman & Elihu D. Richter, Relationship between conflicts of interest and research results, 19 Journal general internal medicine p.51-56 (2004)

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2003

• BMJ, Ray Moynihan, Cochrane at crossroads over drug company sponsorship, 327 p.924-926 (2003)
• BMJ, Andrew Iles, Whistleblowing twice as common as in 1998, 327 p.890 (2003)
• BMJ, Hans Melander et al., Evidence b(i)ased medicine—selective reporting from studies sponsored by pharmaceutical industry: review of studies in new drug applications, 326 p.1171 (2003)
• BMJ, News, Ray Moynihan, Drug company sponsorship of [US] education could be replaced at a fraction of its cost, 326 p.1163 (2003)
• BMJ, News, Fabian Waechter, Drug company [Novartis] accused of breaking advertising regulations, 326 p.1106 (2003)
• BMJ, K. Lexchin et al., Pharmaceutical industry sponsorship and research outcome and quality; systematic review, 326 p. 1167 (2003)
• BMJ, Cary Gross et al., Disclosure of financial competing interests, 326 p.526-527 (2003)
• CMAJ, Patricia Baird, Getting it right: industry sponsorship and medical research, 168 p.1267-1269 (2003)
• JAMA, Bodil Als-Nielsen et al., Association of Funding and Conclusions in Randomized Drug Trials, A Reflection of Treatment Effect or Adverse Events? 290 p.921 (2003)
• JAMA, Johns et al., Restoring Balance to Industry-Academia Relationships in an Era of Institutional Financial Conflicts of Interest: Promoting Research While Maintaining Trust, 289 741-746 (2003)
• JAMA, Justin Bekelman et al., Scope and impact of financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research: a systematic review, 289 p.454 (2003)
• JAMA, Chopra, Industry Funding of Clinical Trials: Benefit or Bias?, 290 p.113-114 (2003)
• JAMA, Michael Callaham et al., Positive-Outcome Bias and Other Limitations in the Outcome of Research Abstracts Submitted to a Scientific Meeting, 290 p.254 (2003)
• JAMA, Bruce Psaty and Drummond Rennie, Stopping Medical Research to Save Money, A Broken Pact With Researchers and Patients, 289 p.2128-31 (2003)
• Nature, Journals: redundant publications are bad news, 421 p.209 (2003)
• Nature Biotechnology, Peter Shorett et al., The changing norms of the life sciences, 21 p.123-125 (2003)
• NEJM, David Blumenthal, Academic-Industrial Relationships in the Life Sciences, 349 p.2452-2459
• Science, David Michaels & Wendy Wagner, Disclosure in Regulatory Science, 302 p. 2073 (2003)
• Di Masi JA et al., The price of innovation: new estimates of drug development costs, 22 J Health Econ p.151 (2003)

2002

• AJHP, Linda Rosenstock, Attacks on Science: The Risks to Evidence-Based Policy, 92(1) AJHP 14-18 (January 2002)
• Archives, Joseph S. Alpert et al., Conflicts of Interest: Science, Money, and Health, 162 p.635-637 (2002)
• BMC, Clifford TJ et al., Funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality: are they related? Results of a pilot study, BMC Health Serv. Res. 2 p.18 (2002)
• BMJ, Jammi N. Rao & L. J. Sant Cassia, Ethics of undisclosed payments to doctors recruiting patients in clinical trials, 325p.36-37 (2002)
• BMJ, Lise L Kjaergard & Bodil Als-Nielsen, Association between competing interests and authors' conclusions: epidemiological study of randomised clinical trials published in the BMJ, 325 p. 249 (2002)
• JAMA, Richard Horton, The Hidden Research Paper, 287 p.2775-2778 (2002)
• JAMA, Graham Mowatt et al. Prevalence of Honorary and Ghost Authorship in Cochrane Reviews, 287 p.2769-2771 (2002)
• JAMA, Campbell et al., Data Withholding in Academic Genetics: Evidence From a National Survey, 287 p.473-480 (2002)
• JAMA, Carin Olson et al., Publication bias in editorial decising making, 287 p.2825 (2002)
• JAMA, K Morin et al., Managing conflicts of interest in the conduct of clinical trials, 287 p.78 (2002)
• JAMA, Annetine C. Gelijns & Samuel O. Thier, Medical innovation and institutional interdependence: rethinking university-industry connections. 287 p.72-77 (2002)

• NEJM, H Moses et al., Collaborating with industry -- choices for the academic medical center, 347 NEJM p.1371 (2002)

• NEJM, Jeffrey M. Drazen, Institutions, Contracts, and Academic Freedom, 347p.1362-1363 (2002)
• NEJM, Kevin A. Schulman et al., A national survey of provisions in clinical-trial agreements between medical schools and industry sponsors, 347 p.1335-1341 (2002)
• Klassen et al., Abstracts of Randomized Controlled Trials Presented at the Society for Pediatric Research Meeting: An Example of Publication Bias, 156 Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med p.474-479 (2002)
• Kelly A. Carroll & Glenn McGee, Conflict of Interest and AJOB, 2(3) AJOB 1(2002)

2001

• AAMC Task Force on Financial Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Research. Protecting subjects, preserving trust, promoting progress—policy and guidelines for the oversight of individual financial interests in human subjects research. Association of American Medical Colleges (2001)
• Annals, DG Altman et al., The revised CONSORT statement: explanation and elaboration. 134 p.663 (2001)
• BMC, George N Papanikolaou et al., Reporting of conflicts of interest in guidelines of preventive and therapeutic interventions, BMC Medical Research Methodology (2001)
• BMJ, A. Hussain and R. Smith, Declaring financial competing interests: survey of five general medical journals. 323 p.263 (2001)
• BMJ, Smith R. Maintaining the integrity of the scientific record, 323 p.588 (2001)
• BMJ, Clare Dyer, Law is effective in protecting whistleblowers, report says, 323 p.954 (2001)
• BMJ, Michel Lièvre et al., Premature discontinuation of clinical trial for reasons not related to efficacy, safety, or feasibility, 322 p.603-605 (2001)
• JAMA, D. Moher et al, The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials, 285 p.1987 (2001)
• JAMA, Catherine DeAngelis et al., Reporting financial conflicts of interest and relationships between investigators and research sponsors, 286 p.89-91 (2001)
• Lancet, Montaner JSG et al.,Industry-sponsored clinical research: a double-edged sword, 358 p.1893-1895 (2001)
• Lancet, Benjamin Djulbegovic et al., The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research,  356(9230) p. 635-638 (2000)
• Nature, Is the university-industrial complex out of control? 409 p. 119 - 119 (2001)
• Nature Biotechnology, Eric Niiler, Industry−academia study lacking, say critics, 19 p.698 - 699 (2001)
• P. riis, Scientific dishonesty: European reflections, J. Clin. Pathol, 54 p.4-6 (2001) [no link]
• Spyros Andreopoulos, The unhealthy alliance between academia and corporate America, West J Med. 175 p.225–226 (2001)
• Sheldon Krimsky, Journal Policies on Conflict of Interest: If this Is the Therapy, What's the Disease, 70 Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics p.115 (2001)
• Drummond Rennie, Cost-Effectiveness Analyses: Making a Pseudoscience Legitimate, 26 Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law p.383 (2001)

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2000

• Ann Oncol , KS Knox et al., Reporting and dissemination of industry versus non-profit sponsored economic analyses of six novel drugs used in oncology, 11 p.1591 (2000)
• Annals, Frank Davidoff, News from the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors, 133 p.229-231 (2000)
• BMJ, Caroline White, Plans for tackling research fraud may not go far enough, 321 p.1487 (2000)
• BMJ, News, Joe Lamar, Drug company bosses [in Japan] jailed for selling HIV infected products, 320 p.601 (2000)
• BMJ, JP Vandenbroucke et al., Competing interests and controversy about third generation oral contraceptives, 320 p.381 (2000)
• BMJ, Gavin Yamey, Protecting whistleblowers, 320 p.70-71 (2000)
• Controlled Clinical Trials, Jonas Ranstam et al., Fraud in Medical Research: An International Survey of Biostatisticians, 21 p.415-427 (2000)
• JAMA, Catherine D. DeAngelis, Conflict of Interest and the Public Trust, 284 p.2237-2238 (2000)
• JAMA, David Korn, Conflicts of interest in biomedical research, 284 p.2234 (2000)
• JAMA, Mildred Cho et al., Policies on faculty conflicts of interest at US universities, 284 (17) p.2203 (2000)
• JAMA, Boyd & Bero, Assessing Faculty Financial Relationships With Industry: A Case Study, 284 p. 2209-2214 (2000)
• JAMA, Drummond Rennie et al., The Contributions of Authors, 284 p.89-91 (2000)
• Health Affairs, Richard A. Rettig, The industrialization of clinical research, 19 p.129-146 (2000)
• Lancet, Benjamin Djulbegovic et al., The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research, 356 p.635 (2000)
• NEJM, Joseph B. Martin & Dennis L. Kasper, In whose best interest? Breaching the academic-industrial wall? 343 p.1646 (2000)
• NEJM, Jeffrey M. Drazen, To protect those who serve, 343 p.1643 (2000)
• NEJM, S. Van McCrary et al., A national survey of policies on disclosure of conflicts of interest in biomedical research, 343 p.1621 (2000)
• NEJM, Bernard Lo et al., Conflict of interest policies for investigations in clinical trials, 343 p.1616 (2000)
• NEJM, Marcia Angell, Is Academic Medicine for Sale? 342 p. 1516 (2000)
• NEJM, Thomas Bodenheimer, Uneasy Alliance -  Clinical Investigators and the Pharmaceutical Industry, 342 p.1539-1544 (2000)
• Science, Constance Holden. Conflit of interest , NEJM Admits Breaking Its Own Tough Rules, 287 p.1573 (2000)
• Science, Kennedy, Science secrecy, 289 p.724 (2000) [no link]
• The Lancet, B. Djulbegovic et al., The uncertainty principle and industry-sponsored research, 356 p.635 (2000)
• David Resnick, Financial Interests and Research Bias, 8.3. Perspectives on Science p.255-285 (2000)
• Miles Little, Conflict of interests, vested interests and health research, 6 Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice p.413 (2000)
• Trudo Lemmens and Benjamin Freedman, Ethics review for sale? Conflict of interest and commercial research review boards, 78 The Milbank Quarterly p.547 (2000)

1999

• Annals, Veronica Yank & Drummond Rennie, Disclosure of researcher contributions: a study of original research articles in The Lancet, 130 p.661-670 (1999)
• BMJ, Clare Dyer UK introduces far reaching law to protect whistleblowers, 319 p.7 (1999)
• CMAJ, John Hoey, When journals are branded, editors get burnt, the ousting of Jerome Kassirer from the New England Journal of Medicine, 161 p.529 (1999)
• JAMA, Helle K. Johansen & Peter C. Gotzsche, Problems in the design and reporting of trials of antifungal agents encountered during meta-analysis, 282 p.1752 (1999)
• JAMA; Mark Friedberg et al., Evaluation of conflict of interest in economic analyses of new drugs used in oncology, 282 p.1453 (1999)
• JAMA, Drummond Rennie, Fair Conduct and Fair Reporting of Clinical Trials, 282 p.1766-1768 (1999)
• Lancet, P. Dieppe et al., Funding clinical research, 353 p.1626 (1999)
• Lancet, Larkin, Whose article is it anyway? 354 p.136 (1999)
• NEJM; Kassirer, Editorial independence, 340 p.1671 (1999)
• Stroke, DS Liebeskind et al., Empiric evidence of publication bias affecting acute stroke clinical trials, 30 p.268 (1999)

1998

• Academic Medicine, Alan R. Pnce, Anonymity and Pseudonymity in Whistleblowing to the U.S. Office of Research Integrity, 73 (1998)
• Annals, Miriam Shuchman, Secrecy in science: the flock worker's lung investigation, 129 Ann Intern Med. 341–344 (1998)
• Annals, Frank Davidoff, New disease, old story, 129 Ann Intern Med. 327–328 (1998)
• BMJ, Richard Smith, Beyond conflict of interest: Transparency is the key, 317 p.291 (1998)
• BMJ, News, David Spurgeon, Drug company fails to stop publication of report, 317 p.101 (1998)
• BMJ, Josefson D. FDA rules that researchers will have to disclose financial interest, 316 p.493 (1998)
• CMAJ, Trudo Lemmens & Peter A. Singer, Bioethics for clinicians: 17. Conflict of interest in research, education and patient care, 159 p.960 (1998)
• JAMA, Drummond Rennie, Freedom and Responsibility in Medical Publication: Setting the Balance Right, 280 p.300-302 (1998)
• JAMA, Sheldon Krimsky & L. S. Rothenberg, Financial Interest and Its Disclosure in Scientific Publications, 280 p.225-226 (1998)
• JAMA, Annette Flanagin et al., Prevalence of Articles With Honorary Authors and Ghost Authors in Peer-Reviewed Medical Journals, 280 p.222-224 (1998)
• JAMA, Joost Drenth, Multiple Authorship: The Contribution of Senior Authors, 280 p.219-221 (1999)
• JAMA, Linda Wilcox, Authorship: The Coin of the Realm, The Source of Complaints, 280 p.216-217 (1998)
• JAMA, Lisa A. Bero, Disclosure Policies for Gifts From Industry to Academic Faculty, 279 p.1031-1032 (1998)
• JAMA, Barnes & Bero, Why review articles on the health effects of passive smoking reach different conclusions, 279 p.1566-1570 (1998)
• JAMA, Eric G. Campbell et al., Looking a gift horse in the mouth: gifts supporting life sciences research, 279 p.995-999 (1998)
• Lancet, David Sharp, A Ghostly Crew, 351 (9109) p.1076 (1998)
• Lancet, Michael McCarthy, News, Conflict of interest highlighted in debate on calcium-channel blockers, 351 Lancet, p.191 (1998)
• Lancet, News, Kelly Morris, FDA bows to external pressure says lobby group, 352 p.1998 (1998)
• NEJM, Henry Thomas Stelfox et al., Conflict of interest in the debate over calcium-channel antagonists, 38 NEJM 101–106 (1998)
• S. Krimsky et al., Scientific journals and their authors' financial interests: a pilot study, 67 Psychother. Psychosom p. 194–201 (1998)

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1997

• BMJ, M.R. Tramèr et al., Impact of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis: A case study, 315 p.635 (1997)
• BMJ, JM Stern and RJ Simes, Publication bias: evidence of delayed publication in a cohort study of clinical research projects, 315 p.640 (1997)
• BMJ, Bhopal et al., The vexed question of authorship: views of the researchers in British medical faculty. 314 p.1009-1012 (1997)
• Controlled Clinical Trials, David L. DeMets, Distinctions between fraud, bias, errors, misunderstanding, and incompetence, 18 p.637-650 (1997)
• JAMA, Drummond Rennie et al., When authorship fails: a proposal to make contributors acountable, 278 p.579-585 (1997)
• JAMA, Rennie D. Thyroid storm, 277 p.1238 (1997)
• JAMA, David Blumenthal et al., Withholding research results in academic life sciences—evidence from a national survey of faculty, 277 JAMA 1224-1228 (1997)
• NEJM, Richard Deyo et al., The messenger under attack - intimidation of researchers by special interest groups, 336 NEJM 1176-1180 (1997)
• NEJM, ICJME, Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals, 336 p.309-316 (1997)

1996

• Annals, Mildred Cho & L. Bero, The quality of drug studies published in symposium proceedings, p.485 (1996)
• The Lancet, P. Huston and D. Moher Redundancy, disaggregation, and the integrity of medical research, 347 p.1024 (1996)
• NEJM, David Blumenthal et al., Participation of Life-Science Faculty in Research Relationships with Industry. 335 p.1734-1739 (1996)
• NEJM, Steven A. Rosenberg, Secrecy in Medical Research, 334 p.392-394 (1996)
• NEJM, David Blumenthal et al., Relationships between Academic Institutions and Industry in the Life Sciences — An Industry Survey, 334 p.368 (February 1996)

1995

• BMJ, John La Puma et al., An Ethical Debate: Financial ties as part of informed consent to postmarketing research Attitudes of American doctors and patient, 310 p.1660 (1995)
• NEJM, Jerome P. Kassirer, Partisan assault on science: the threat to CDC, 333 NEJM 793-794 (1995)
• NEJM, Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Daniel Steiner, Institutional Conflict of Interest, 332 p.262-268 (1995)

Pre-1995

• Arch. Intern. Med., PA Rochon et al., A study of manufacturer-supported trials of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the treatment of arthritis, 154 p.157 (1994)
• BMJ, Smith (Editorial), Gift authorship: a poisoned chalice?, 309 p.1456-1457 (1994)
• BMJ, Goodman NW. Survey of fulfillment of criteria for authorship in published medical research, 309 p.1482 (1994)
• BMJ, E. Hemminki,  Study of information submitted by drug companies to licensing authorities. 280 BMJ p. 833 -6 (1980)
• JAMA, PA Rochon et al., Evaluating the quality of articles published in journal supplements compared with the quality of those published in the parent journal, 272 p.108 (1994)
• JAMA; Scherer et al., Full publication of results initially presented in abstracts. A meta-analysis, 272 p.158 (1994)
• JAMA, D. Rennie & A. Flanagin, Authorship! Authorship! Guests, ghosts, grafters, and the two-sided coin, 271 p.469-471 (1994)
• JAMA, Shapiro et al., The contributions of authors of multiauthored biomedical research papers, 271 p.438-442 (1994)
• JAMA, David Blumenthal, Academic-industry relationships in the life sciences: extent, consequences, and management, 268 p.3344-3349 (1992)
• JAMA,  K. Dickersin et al., Factors influencing publication of research results: follow-up of applications submitted to two institutional review boards, 267 p.374 (1992)
• JAMA, I. Chalmers, Underreporting research is scientific misconduct, 263 p.1405 (1990)
• Lancet, Easterbrook et al., Publication bias in clinical research, 337 p.867-872 (1991)
• NEJM, Troyen A. Brennan, Buying editorials, 331 p.673-675 (1994)
• NEJM, Thompson, Understanding financial conflicts of interest, 329 p.573-576 (1993)
• NEJM, Kassirer JP &  Marcia Angell, Financial conflicts of interest in biomedical research, 329 p.570-57 (1993)
• NEJM, LA Bero et al., The publication of sponsored symposiums in medical journals, 327 p.1135 (1992)
• Lancet, PK Easterbrook et al., Publication bias in clinical research, 337 p.867 (1991)
• Research Policy, Evan M. Berman, The economic impact of industry-funded university R&D, 19(4) p.349 (1990)
• Science, David Blumenthal et al., University-industry research relationships in biotechnology: implications for the university, 232 p.1361-1366 (1986)
• Science, David Blumenthal et al., Industrial Support of University Research in Biotechnology: An Industry Perspective, 231 p.242 (1986)
• Science, Prager & Omenn, Research, innovation, and university-industry linkages, 207 p. 379-384 (1980) 
• Davidson, Source of funding and outcome of clinical trials, 1(3) J Gen Intern Med p.155-8 (1986)
• Judith P. Swazey et al., Ethical Problems in Academic Research, A survey of doctoral candidates and faculty raises important questions about the ethical environment of graduate education and research, 81 Am. Sci. p.542 (1998)

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Other Journals - Various (by date)

2006

• Jodie Barden et al., Bias from industry trial funding? A framework, a suggested approach, and a negative result, 121 Pain p.207-218 (2006)
• Robert Streiffer, Academic Freedom and Academic-Industry Relationships in Biotechnology, 16(2) Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal p. 129-149 (2006)

2005

• Nicolas Rasmussen, The Drug Industry and Clinical Research in Interwar America: Three Types of Physician Collaborator, 79 Bull. Hist. Med. p.50-80 (2005)

2004

• Union of Concerned Scienitsts, Restoring Scientific Integrity in Policymaking , Statement (2004)
• M. Goozner, Unrevealed: non-disclosure of conflicts of interest in four leading medical and scientific journals, Centre for Science in the Public Interest (2004)
• Jason Owen-Smith & Walter W. Powell, Carrières et contradictions en sciences de la vie: réponses du corps académique aux transformations de la connaissance et de ses utilisations, 46 Sociologie du travail p.347 (2004)

2003

• Bhaven N. Sampat et al., Changes in university patent quality after the Bayh-Dole act: a re-examination, 21 International Journal of Industrial Organization p.1371-1390 (2003)
• Jason Owen-Smith & Walter W. Powell, The expanding role of university patenting in the life sciences: assessing the importance of experience and connectivity, 32 Research Policy p.1695-1711 (2003)
• Marion G. Sobol & M. Karen Newell, Barriers to and Measurements of the Diffusion of Technology from the University to Industry, 3(1) Comparative Technology Transfer and Society p. 255-276 (2003)
• Henry Etzkowitz, Research groups as ‘quasi-firms’: the invention of the entrepreneurial university, Research Policy 32 p.109-121 (2003)
• Joshua B. Powers, Commercializing Academic Research, Resource Effects on Performance of University Technology Transfer, 74 Journ al of Higher Education p.26-50 (2002)

2002

• Giavanni A. Fava, Conflict of interest and the credibility of clinical medicine, A psychosomatic antidote, 1241 International Congress Series p.229 (2002)

2001

• Kent Buse & Amalia Waxman, Public–private health partnerships: a strategy for WHO, 79 Bulletin p.748 (2001)
• Jason Owen-Smith & Walter W. Powell, To Patent or Not: Faculty Decisions and Institutional Success at Technology Transfer - or final version
• Business-Higher Education Forum, Working Together, Creating Knowledge: The University-Industry Research Collaboration Initiative (2001)

2000

• Eric G. Campbell et al., Data withholding in academic medicine: characteristics of faculty denied access to research results and biomaterials, 29(2) Research Policy p.303 (2000)
• Henry Etzkowitz et al., The future of the university and the university of the future: evolution of ivory tower to entrepreneurial paradigm, 29 Research Policy p.313-330 (2000)
• William B. Lacy, Commercialization of university research brings benefits, raises issues and concerns, 54 Cal. Agriculture p.72 (2000) [no link]
• Trudo Lemmens & Benjamin Freedman, Ethics Review for Sale? Conflict of Interest and Commercial Research Review Boards, 78 Milbank Quarterly p.547 (2000)

Pre-2000

• David B. Resnik, Conflicts of interest in science, 6(4) Perspectives on Science p.381 (1998)
• Henry Etzkowitz, The norms of entrepreneurial science: cognitive effects of the new university–industry linkages, 27 Research Policy p.823-833 (1998)
• Teresa I. D. Campbell, Public policy for the 21st century: addressing potential conflicts in university-industry collaboration, 20(4) Review of Higher Education p.357 (1997)
• Yong S. Lee, ‘Technology transfer’ and the research university: a search for the boundaries of university-industry collaboration, 25 Research Policy p.843 (1996)
• David Blumethal, Growing pains for new academic/industry relationships, Health Affairs p.176 (1994)
• Michael E. Gluck et al., University-industry relationships in the life sciences: Implications for students and post-doctoral fellows  16 (6) Research Policy p.327-336 (1987)

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Universities

Stanford| Harvard | Penn | UC | MIT | UCL | University of Geneva

Stanford University

• Clinical trials find new volunteers through database, Daily News Staff (November 2007)
• Ban up in smoke, Stanford Magazine  (July 2007)
• Faculty Senate, Minute of May 17, 2007
• Faculty Senate, Committee on Research: Research policy regarding tobacco research funding (April 19, 2007)
• Kathleen J. Sullivan, Faculty Senate rejects ban on tobacco industr research funding by 21-10 vote, Stanford News Service (May 23, 2007)
• Ruthann Richter, New policy limits drug industry access, Stanford Report (Sept. 13, 2006)
• Faculty Policy on Conflict of Commitment and Interest
• Conflict of Commitment and Interest for Academic Staff
• Staff Policy on Conflict of Commitment and Interest
• Outside Consulting Activities by Members of the Academic Council
• Relationships Between Students (including Postdoctoral Scholars) and Outside Entities
• Annual Certification of Compliance to the Faculty Policy on Conflict of Commitment and Interest [Stanford access only]
• Medical School Disclosure of Financial Interests related to Research
• Guide To Ad Hoc Conflict of Interest Disclosures - Genera
• Research Policy Handbook
• PHS and NSF Requirements Regarding Financial Disclosures and Agency Notifications
• Conflict of Interest Resources Website
• Frequently asked questions about the School of Medicine's conflict-of-interest policy
• Tips for Avoiding Conflicts of Commitment & Interest
• Conflict of Interest Scenarios - Clinical Research
• Conflict of Interest Scenarios - Technology Licensing Agreements
• Conflict of Interest Scenarios - Issues Involving Students and Trainees
• See also: Office of Technology Licensing

   News items

• Article in San Jose Mercury News, Paul Jacobs, Science critics make issue of financial ties, (July 10, 2006)
• Stanford Daily, Jenny Allen, Potential conflicts for trustees, University responds to conflict of interest reports; cites recusals (July 13, 2006)
• Stanford Daily, Editorial, Hennessy's all right now (March 1, 2007)
• Conflict-of-interest issues to be discussed at Stanford by John Hopkins President, (September 28, 2005)
• Stanford Report, 5 Questions: DeAngelis on conflicts of interest (September 13, 2006)
• Stanford Report, Ruthann Richter, New policy limits drug industry access (September 13, 2006)

Harvard University

• Principles Governing Commercial Activities
• Office of Technology Development, Policy Statement Regarding Application of Harvard University's Conflict of Interest Policies to the Granting of Licenses
• Office of Technology Development, Conflict Avoidance Statement
• Statement on Outside Activities of Holders of Academic Appointments
• Harvard Policies Relating to Start-Up Ventures
• Recommended Standard Consulting Provisions
• Faculty of Medicine, Guidelines for Investigators in Scientific Research
• Faculty of Medicine, Guidelines for Investigators in Clinical Research
• Faculty of Medicine, Principles and Procedures for Dealing With Allegations of Faculty Misconduct
• Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Statement on Research Sponsored by Industry
• Faculty of Medicine, Policy on Conflicts of Interest and Commitment
• Faculty of Medicine, Guidelines for Editors and Authors of Medical Textbooks
• Faculty of Medicine, Authorship Guidelines
• Faculty of Medicine, Guidelines for Attribution of Credit and Disposition of Research Products
• Harvard School of Public Health, Policies on Outside Professional Activities and Commitments
• Statement on Outside Activities of Holders of Academic Appointments

Univerity of Pennsylvania

• II.E.10. Conflict of Interest Policy for Faculty Members 
• III.A. Guidelines for the Conduct of Sponsored Research
• II.B. Financial Disclosure Policy for Sponsored Research
• III.C. Procedures Regarding Misconduct in Research
• III.D. Patent Policy
• III.E. Guidelines for Student Protection in Sponsored Research Projects and Student Access to Information Regarding Sources of Financial Support
• VI.B. Acceptance of Gifts, Grants and Contracts
• VI.C. Acceptance of Confidential Gifts

University of California (SF)

• UCSF Guidelines on Conflict of interest pertaining to receiving/disbursing research funds(2004)
• General University Policy, Disclosure of Financial Interest in Private Sponsors of Research
• UC Policy on disclosure of financial interests and management of conflicts of interest related to sponsored projects
• Guidelines on University-Industry Relations (1989)
• The conflict of interest advisory committee
• FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions
• Disclosure Requirements and Chart
• Statement of Economic Interests for Principal Investigators - California
• Financial disclosure requirements at UCSF
• UCSF CHR Financial Interest Supplement: Disclosure of Investigators’ Financial Interests (2005)
• UCSF Supplement to Form 700-U for Privately Sponsored Clinical Studies (2005)

University of Berkeley

• Acess page of the Conflict of Interest Committeee
• FAQs about UC Berkeley Conflict of Interest Policy and Procedure
• Guidelines for Review of Financial Interest Disclosures
• Guide To Consulting For Faculty And Academic Employees, Interim policy (2006)

MIT

• Policies and Procedures, A Guide for Faculty and Staff Members, Conflict of Interest, point 4.4.
• Personnel Policy Manual, 3.5 Policy on Conflict of Interest
• COI Guide - Conflict of Interest Disclosure, Instructions and Guidance for Faculty
• Federal Definitions Regarding Conflict of Interest
• Memo -  Annual Conflict of Interest Disclosures (July 1, 2004)
• Memo on conflicts of interest - New Process for Submitting NIH/NSF Conflict of Interest Disclosures Available (February 1, 2003)

University of Chicago

• Acess page to Regulations, Policies and Procedures on individual financial conflict of interest
• Report of the ad hoc faculty committee on conflict of interest (January 16, 2004)

UCL - University College of London

• Policy and guidelines for conflicts of interest

University of Geneva

• See above

top chapter

Specific cases

Pharma industry, researchers and universities | Researchers and journals | Public research institutions

Pharma industry, researchers and universities

Nancy Olivieri, Apotex and the University of Toronto

• Case T-326/99 - Judgment of the Court of First Instance of 18 December 2003 - Nancy Oliviery v. Commission and EMEA - opposition to marketing authorization
• CMAJ, A response from Dr. Nancy Olivieri, 174 p.661 (2006)
• CMAJ, John Hoey & Anne Marie Todkill, The Olivieri story, take three, 173: 914-915 (2005)
• CMAJ, Patricia Baird et al., Independent inquiry, 167 p.12 (2002)
• CMAJ, C. David Naylor, The deferiprone controversy: time to move on, 166 (2002)
• CMAJ, Miriam Shuchman, The Olivieri dispute: No end in sight? 166 p.487 (2002)
• CMAJ, Naylor et al., Early Toronto experience with new standards for industry-sponsored clinical research: a progress report,166 p.453-6 (2002)
• CMAJ, Miriam Shuchman, Independent review adds to controversy at Sick Kids, 160 p.386 (1999)
• CMAJ, Philips & Hoey, Constraints of interest: lessons at the Hospital for Sick Children 159 p.955-957 (1998)
• College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario Vindicates Olivieri (Jan 2002)
• JME, P. Chidwick et al., Commentary on the Olivieri symposium, 30 p. 231 (2004)
• JME, J Savulescu, Editor’s note: How can we make a difference? The perils of heroism, 30 p. 52 (2004)
• JME, F. Baylis, The Olivieri debacle: where were the heroes of bioethics? 30 p.44-49 (2004)
• JME, T. Faunce et al., Supporting whistleblowers in academic medicine: training and respecting the courage of professional conscience, 30 p. 40-43 (2004)
• JME, R. Rhodes and J. J. Strain, Whistleblowing in academic medicine, 30 JME 35-39 (2004)
• JME, G. DuVal, Institutional ethics review of clinical study agreements, 30 JME 30-34 (2004)
• JME, Ferris et al., Better governance in academic health sciences centres: moving beyond the Olivieri/Apotex Affair in Toronto, 30 JME 25-29 (2004)
• JME, A Schafer,  Biomedical conflicts of interest: a defence of the sequestration thesis—learning from the cases of Nancy Olivieri and David Healy, 30 JME 8-24 (2004)
• Lancet, McCarthy M. Company sought to block paper's publication, 356 p.1659 (2000)
• Lancet, Nathan DG, Weatherall DJ. Academia and industry: lessons from the unfortunate events in Toronto, 353 p.771 (1999)
• NEJM, David G. Nathan & David J. Weatherall, Academic freedom in clinical research, 347 p.1368 (October 2002)
• NEJM, Olivieri et al., Long-term safety and effectiveness of iron-chelation therapy with deferiprone for thalassemia major, 339 p.417-423 (1998)
• Supplement to the Report to the Committee of Inquiry Jan 2002)
• Summary of the Report (Oct 2001) - The Olivieri Report (Oct 2001)
• Naimark report

Betty Dong, Knoll / Boots, Synthroid / Levoxine

• FDA, Letter to Knoll (January 8, 1997)
• BMJ, Jacqui Wise, Research suppressed for seven years by drug company, 314 p.1145 (1997)
• JAMA, B. J. Dong, Bioequivalence of generic and brand-name levothyroxine products in the treatment of hypothyroidism, 277 (1997)
• Science, Gretchen Vogel, Long-Suppressed Study Finally Sees Light of Day, 276 p.523-525 (1997)

David Healy, the University of Toronto

• Nature, Karen Birmingham, Dark clouds over Toronto psychiatry research, 7(6) Nature Medicine 643 (June 2001)
• The David Healy affair at http://www.pharmapolitics.com/
• The David Healy affair on the CAUT website

Kern and Brown University

• Science, Wade Roush, Secrecy Dispute Pits Brown Researcher Against Company, 276 (5312) p. 523 - 525(April 1997)
• Annals, Frank Davidoff, New disease, old story, 129 Ann Intern Med. 327–328 (1998)

Moore and the University of California

• Moore v. Regents of the University of California, 793 P.2d 479 (Cal. 1990) 

Gelsinger and the University of Pennsylvania

• U.S. Settles Case of Gene Therapy Study That Ended With Teen’s Death, UPenn Almanac (February 2005)
• GOA, Human Subjects Research, HHS Takes Steps to Strengthen Protections, But Concerns Remain (May 2001)
• FDA, Warning letter of July 3, 2000
• Report of Independent Panel Reviewing the University of Pennsylvania's Institute for Human Gene Therapy (April 27, 2000)
• Action by the University of Pennsylvania in Response to the "Report of the Independent Panel Reviewing the Institute for Human Gene Therapy" (May 24, 2004)
• Lancet, News, Michael McCarthy, US FDA rejects defence of gene-therapy trial, 355  p.997 (2000)
• Lancet, News, Michael McCarthy, FDA puts US gene-therapy trial on hold, 355 p.908 (2000)
• Science, Marshall, Gene therapy's web of corporate connections, 288 p.954-955 (2000)
• Science, Marshall, Gene therapy on trial, 288 p.951-957 (2000)
• Science, Gretchen Vogel, FDA Moves Against Penn Scientist, 290 p.2049-2051 (2000)

Hwang Woo-suk / stem cell research / South Korea

• Bertrand Kiefer, Ouf ! Hwang Woo-suk est un fraudeur…, Revue Médicale Suisse 48
• Seoul National University Investigation Committee, Summary of the Final Report on Hwang's Research Allegation
• Seoul National University, Interim Report on Professor Hwang Woo-Suk
• Seoul National University, Public Statement by President
• BMJ, Janice Hopkins Tanne, Science will tighten standards after retracting stem cell papers, 333 p.1189 (2006)
• Lancet, Writing a new ending for a story of scienti.c fraud, 367 (2006)
• Science, Mildred K. Cho et al., Lessons of the Stem Cell Scandal, 311 p.614 (2006)
• Science Magazine, Special Online Collection: Hwang et al. Controversy -- Committee Report, Response, and Background
• David Resnik et al., Fraudulent Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research in South Korea: Lessons Learned,  13 Accountability in Research p.101-109 (2006)

Schatzberg / Corcept / Harvard - Stanford Universities

• Jenny Allen, Potential conflicts for trustees, The Stanford Daily (July 13, 2006)
• Alliance for Human Research Protection, Harvard / Stanford - Psychiatrists' Financial Ties to Industry (July 12, 2006)
• Paul Jacobs, Science Critics Make Issue of Financial Ties, RedOrbit  (July 10, 2006)

Blumsohn - Sheffield University (UK) - Procter & Gamble

• Jennifer Washburn, Rent-a-researcher, Did a British university sell out to Procter & Gamble? Slate (Dec. 22, 2005)
• Draft compromise agreement
• Jo Revill, Doctor accuses drug giant of 'unethical' secrecy, The Observer (Dec.4, 2005)
• Jo Revill, Hor the drugs giant and a lone researcher went to war, The Observer (Dec. 4, 2005)
• Procter & Gamble surrenders data to GAP client, GAP (June 16, 2006)
• Bone researcher charges P&G with continued data concealment, GAP (March 1, 2006)
• Scientific misconduct blog
• Actonel research, the Sheffield arrangement

Gillberg - Gothenburg University - ADHD

• BMJ, Jonathan Gornall, Hyperactivity in children: the Gillberg affair, 335 p.370 (2007)

Rylander - University of Geneva

• UniGe, Rapport d’enquête dans l’affaire du Pr. Ragnar Rylander (6 septembre 2004)
• UniGe, Suite et fin de l'Affaire Rylander - L'Université de Genève tire les leçons, press release of October 29, 2004
• UniGe, L'Université veut se doter de règles claires en cas de fraude scientifique (mai 2004)
• UniGe, Affaire Rylander: l'Université de Genève tire ses conclusions, press release of December 20, 2002
• UniGe, l'Université de Genève face à l'"affaire Rylander", press release of October 17, 2002
• UniGe, Conclusions et mesures du rectorat faisant suite à la dénonciation sur l’existence de liens entre l’industrie du tabac et l’Université de Genève (6 novembre 2001)
• Site Internet de prevention.ch sur cette affaire
• Lancet, Pascal A. Diethelm et al., The whole truth and nothing but the truth? The research that Philip Morris did not want you to see, 366 p.86 (2004)
• Tobacco Documents on-line
• Legacy Tobacco Documents Library

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Researchers and journals

CMAJ

• CMA Accepts CMAJ Governance Review Panel Recommendations (July 14, 2006)
• CMAJ Governance Review Panel, Final Report (July 14, 2006)
• Editorial independence and accountability, A submission made by the CMAJ Acting Editor-in-Chief, Editor Emeritus, and Interim Editorial Board and Advisor to the ad hoc CMAJ Governance Review Committee (May 10, 2006)
• CMAJ, Editorial independence for CMAJ: signposts along the road, 175(5) p.453 (August 2006)
• CMAJ, Kassirer JP, Davidoff F, O'Hara K, Redelmeier DA. Editorial autonomy of CMAJ, 174 p.945 (2006)
• CMAJ, Hoey JCC, Elmslie T, Flegel KM, Joseph KS, Palepu A, Todkill AM. Science, sex and semantics: the firing of George Lundberg. 160 p.507 (1999)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, To expunge politically sensitive topics from medical journals is “folly”, 332 p.1175 (2006)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, Lamer quits as chairman of CMAJ governance panel, 332 p.1114 (2006)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, Authors threaten to withhold articles from CMAJ, 332 p.812 (2006)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, Most of CMAJ editorial board resigns, 332 p.687 (2006)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, CAMJ editorial board members vent anger at lack of openness, 332 p.624 (2006)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, CMA draws criticism for sacking editors, 332 p.503 (2006)
• BMJ, Canadian Medical Association tightens control over its journal, 326 p.356 (2003)
• BMJ, David Spurgeon, CMAJ owner fails to guarantee editorial independence , 332 p.565 (2006)
• JAMA, Bridget M. Kuehn, CMAJ Governance Overhauled, Firings, Resignations, Compromised Independence Cited, 296(11) p.1337 (2006)
• JME, Jerome P Kassirer, Assault on editorial independence: improprieties of the Canadian Medical Association, 33 p.63-66 (2007)
• Lancet, Paul Webster, Canadian researchers respond to CMAJ crisis, 367 p.1133 (2006)
• Lancet, Sacking of CMAJ editors is deeply troubling, 367 p.704 (2006)
• Lancet, Peter A Singer & Gordon H Guyatt, Deeper lessons from the CMAJ debacle, 367 p.1551 (2006)
• NEJM, Steinbrook, Turning the Page at the CMAJ, 355 p.547 (2006)
• NEJM, John Hoey, Editorial Independence and the Canadian Medical Association Journal, 354 p. 1982 (2006)
• NEJM, Shuchman & Redelmeier, Politics and Independence — The Collapse of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, 354 p.1337-1339 (2006)

Hermann / Brach

• BMJ, Annette Tuffs, Haematologist may face disciplinary action for research fraud, 322 p.694 (2001)
• BMJ, AnnetteTuffs, Fraud investigation concludes that self regulation has failed, 321 p.72 (2000)

Public research institutions

NIH and its conflict of interest policy

• GAO, NIH Conflict of Interest: Recusal Policies for Senior Employees Need Clarification. GAO-07-319, (April 30, 2007)
• Interim final rule, Supplemental Financial Disclosure Requirements for Employees of the DHHS, 70 FR p.37009 (June 28, 2005)
• BMJ, Janice Hopkins Tanne, Investigators will review conflicts of interest at NIH, 334 p.767 (2007)
• BMJ, Janice Hopkins Tanne, New rules drive off NIH researchers, 330 BMJ p.864 (2005)
• BMJ, News, Janice Hopkins Tanne, Group asks US National Institutes of Health to reveal industry ties, 334 p.115 (2007)
• NIH page on Conflict of Interest Information and Resources
• Lancet, News, Faith McLellan, NIH panel holds conflicts of interest meeting, 363 p.872 (2004)
• Lancet, News, Daniel Greenberg, NIH names panel to probe conflict-of-interest charges: Zerhouni promises to purge the organisation of financial impropriety, whether real or perceived, 363 p.380 (2004) 
• Lancet, News, Michael McCarthy, NIH told to provide records in conflict of interest probe, 362 p.2076 (2003)
• NEJM, Robert Steinbrook, Standards of Ethics at the National Institutes of Health, 352 1290-1292 (2005)
• NEJM, Robert Steinbrook, Financial Conflicts of Interest and the NIH, 350 p.327-330 (2004)
• NEJM, Robert Steinbrook, Conflicts of Interest at the NIH -- Resolving the Problem, 351p.955-957 (2004)
• Labor-HHS Subcommittee Hearing on Avoiding Conflicts of Interest at NIH: Statement of Marilyn L. Glynn (January 22, 2004)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, NIH Rules Rile Scientists, Survey Finds, 314(5800) p. 740 (2006)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, Forty-Four Researchers Broke NIH Consulting Rules, 309(5734) p. 546 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, Scientists, Societies Blast NIH Ethics Rules, 308(5719) p. 175 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, NIH Rules Make Some Pack, Others Plead, 307(5716) p. 1703 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, NIH Scientists Raise Fuss About Scope of New Rules, 307(5714) p.1390 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, NIH Chief Clamps Down on Consulting and Stock Ownership, 307(5711) p.824 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, NIH Proposes Temporary Ban on Paid Consulting, 306(5693)  p. 27 (2004)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, Report Suggests NIH Weigh Consulting Ban, 305(5687) p.1090 (2005)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, Feeling the Heat, NIH Tightens Conflict-of-Interest Rules, 305(5680) p.25 (2004)
• Science, News, Jocelyn Kaiser, Varmus Backs Some Limits on NIH's Consulting Policy, 303(5665) p. 1749 (2004)
• Science, News, Eliot Marshall, Zerhouni Pledges Review of NIH Consulting in Wake of Allegations, 302(5653) p.2046 (2003)
• Evan G. Derenzo, Conflict-of-interest Policy at the National Institutes of Health: The Pendulum Swings Wildly, 45(2) Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal p.199 (2005)
• David M. Resnick, Conflicts of Interest at the NIH: No Easy Solution, 35(1) Hastings Center Report p. 18-20 (2005)

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Berkeley & Novartis / Syngenta + Quist/Chapela

• Collaborative Research Agreement - Condensed Version
• Questions and Answers on the UC Berkeley-NADI Research Agreement
• Alan Rudy, Institutional and/versus commercial media coverage: representations of the University of California, Berkeley–Novartis agreement, Public Understanding of Science, Vol. 15, No. 3, 343-358 (2006)
• Alan Rudy & Toby A. Ten Eyck, Institutional and/versus commercial media coverage: representations of the University of California, Berkeley - Novartis agreement, 15 Public Understanding of Science p.343-358 (2006)
• Barry Bergman, For controversial biology researcher Ignacio Chapela, the long and winding road ends with tenure at Berkeley, Public Affairs (21 May 2005)
• Edie Lau,  Report: Five-year deal with Novartis hurt UC Berkeley, Sacramento Bee (Aug. 1, 2004)
• External Review of the Collaborative Research Agreement between Novartis Agricultural Discovery Institute, Inc. and The Regents of the University of California (July 13, 2004)
• Tom Abate, Critic of biotech corn fears UC won't give him tenure, SF Gate (March 24, 2003)
• Ayala Ochert, Food fight, Caught in the maize at Berkeley, california Monthly (June 2002)
• Novartis Revisited. Pro: Bob Buchanan / Con: Dr. Ignacio Chapela California Monthly v.112, n.4, (February 2002)
• Letter of UC Berkeley to the Altantic Monthly (May 19, 2000)

UCSF and Immune Response Corporation

• The Immune Response Corporation Announces Arbitration Proceedings And Dispute Over Exclusion of Clinical Investigators and Sponsor Comments In The Publication of Clinical Trial Data Of REMUNE(TM) (HIV-1 Immunogen) PRNewswire - October 31, 2000
• Sabin Russell, Immune Response Corp. Sues UCSF For Telling the Truth About Research Paid for by Immune Response, SF Chronicle (Nov. 2000)
• Carol Cruzan Morton Clinical Trial Causes University-Corporation Tribulations, Science (November 2000)

Surgeon general Richard Carmona

• Gardiner Harris, Former surgeon general cites political interference, International Herald Tribune (July 11, 2007)
• Gardiner Harris, Surgeon General Sees 4-year Term as Compromised, New York Times (July 11, 2007)
• Will Dunham, Former Bush Surgeon General Says He Was Muzzled, Reuters (July 10, 2007)

Nestlé & EPFL

• Nestlé Research Center, Nestlé and EPFL in brain research partnership (November 21, 2006)
• EPFL, Actualités, Création d'un groupe de recherche Nestlé-EPFL en perception sensorielle
• EPFL, EPFL and Nestlé sign research partnership (November 21, 2006)
• Nestlé et EPFL: une collaboration à 25 millions, TSR (21.11.2006)
• BioAlps, 2006: EPFL and Nestlé sign research partnership !
• 24 heures, Francise Brunschwig, 25 millions pour des produits bons pour la tête (22.11.2006)

Websites

• Union of Concerned Scientists
• CSPI - Center for Science in the Public Interest
• Doctors for Research Integrity
• Prof. Sheldon Krimsky home page &  list of publications
• Prof. Brian Martin's list of publications on science, technology and society